Predetermined Time Systems

INSY 3021
Auburn University Spring 2007

Methods-Time Measurement (MTM)

A procedure that analyses manual operations or methods into basic motions needed to perform it, and assigns each a pre-determined time based on the motion and environmental conditions

MTM-1

Fundamental Motions

Reach, turn, position, release, move, grasp, disengage

Procedure
Summarize all right-hand and left-hand motions Determine time measurement unit (TMU) Remove non-limiting motion values

Time Measurement Units (TMU)

1 1 1 1 1 1

TMU = 0.00001 hour TMU = 0.0006 min TMU = 0.036 sec hour = 100,000 TMU min = 1667 TMU sec = 27.8 TMU

Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST)

Developed in 1980 by Zjell Zandin Establishes standards at least 5 times faster than MTM-1, w/little if any sacrifice in accuracy Concentrates on the movements of objects

MOST Procedure
Watch job/task Determine sequence(s) to use Determine index values Add index values to determine TMU Multiply TMU by 10 Convert TMU to seconds, minutes, hours

Concept of MOST

Definition of work Work is the displacement of a mass or object Work = Force X Distance

f = 10 lbs. d = 4 in.

f = 10 lbs. d = 0 in.

Concept of MOST
In Work, an object is moved GET and PUT
For example, you can lift a box and place it down three feet away. Basic body motions used to perform work occur in repeating patterns or sequences. This is the foundation of BasicMOST and the sequence models that make up MOST.

Concept of MOST
MOST Analysis Method Description Sequence Model Phases Parameters (A, B, G)

Index Values (1, 3, 6)

Concept of MOST
Method Description Documents the action performed
Clear, concise and easily understood Comprised of recommended words

Example:

Grasp marker located three steps away on the floor and put in holder.

Sequence Models

Sequence models represent the sequence of events that occurs when an object is moved or a tool is used. Predefined sequence models represent different types of activities. Three sequence models can be used to analyze all types of manual work: General Move (moved freely through space) Controlled Move (movement restricted; attached or in contact) Tool Use (using common hand tools)

Phases

Sequence models are structured into phases used to describe the action performed. Each of the predefined sequence models has a different set of phases. From Method Description Example:

Grasp marker located three steps away on the floor and put in holder.

Phase:

Get
How did I GET the marker?

Put
How did I PUT the marker?

Return
Did I RETURN?

Index Values

A 6B 6 G1 Get

A 6B 0 P 1 Put

A0 Return

Each parameter is assigned an index value based on the motion needed to perform the activity. Index values are then used to generate the total time required to perform a task.

How is Work Measurement Done?

Method Description from video:

Grasp heavy box located within reach, walk eight steps, position on pallet and return to initial location.

A 1B 0 G3 Get

A 10 B 0 P Put

A 10 Return

300 TMU x .036 sec/TMU = 10.8 seconds

How is Work Measurement Done?

Top Row

TMU 300

A 1B 0 G3 Get

A 10 B 0 P Put

A 10 Return A 10 Return A 10 Return

Middle Row

A 1B 0 G3 Get A 1B 0 G3 Get

A 10 B 0 P Put A 10 B 6 P Put
3

250

Bottom Row

330

Sources of error & variance

Hard to classify some motions Difference in opinion between team members Variation in distance measurements Repeatability and variation of worker Very time-consuming to break up job Repetitive to enter in data May not match actual times

Pros & Cons

Advantages: Efficiently estimates the time to perform a task Accurate results Methods are easily understood Sequence models result in minimal paperwork Encourages method development and continuous improvement

Disadvantages: Requires exact job description and layout Chance of omitting elements when estimating new jobs Not always applicable to non-repetitive operations

Basic Sequence Models

General Move

The spatial movement of an object freely through the air The movement of an object when it either remains in contact with a surface or remains attached to another object during movement

Controlled Move

Tool Use

Basic Sequence Models

Activity General Move Sequence Model ABG ABP A Parameter A action distance B body motion G gain control P placement M move controlled X process time I alignment F/L fasten/loosen C cut S surface treat M measure R record T think

Controlled Move Tool Use

ABG MXI A

ABG ABP * ABP A

General Move

Parameters

ABG | ABP | A Get | Put | Return Assign an index value based on complexity Accounts for 50-60% of most industrial work

Action Distance (A) horizontal distance Body Motion (B) vertical distance Gain Control (G) Placement (P)

General Move

MOST (PTS)

When determining the normal time that it takes to obtain an object, Action Distance is accounted for in the calculation

MOST (PTS)

As you can see, Body Movement is taken into account for the calculation

Controlled Move

Parameters:

Action Distance (A) horizontal distance Body Motion (B) vertical distance Gain Control (G) Move Controlled (M) Process Time (X) machine time Alignment (I)

ABG | MXI | A Get | Move or Actuate | Return

Tool Use

Parameters:

ABG | ABP | * | ABP | A Get | Put | Tool Action | Put | Return

Fasten (F) Loosen (L) Cut (C) Surface Treat (S) Measure (M) Record (R) Think (T)

Examples

Example: Get a handful of washers and put them onto 3 bolts located 5 inches apart.

A1 B0 G3 (A1 B0 P1) A0 (3) = 100 TMU

Example: A worker slides a ruler within reach and pushes it 6 inches (15 cm) to measure two points that are 8 inches apart.

A1 B0 G1 M1 X0 I6 A0 = 90 TMU

Example: Grasp wrench and fasten bolt with 3 wrist strokes and aside.

A1 B0 G1 A1 B0 P3 F10 A1 B0 P1 A0 = 180 TMU

Other MOST Systems

MiniMOST MaxiMOST AdminMOST

MOST Work Measurement Systems: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, Kjell B. Zandin

Special Issues

Work Factors For instance, allows the incorporation of stairs & gates into PDTS models.

Questions & Comments