TA Advanced Java JDBC-Eran Toch

Tutorial:
Advanced Java Programming

and Database connection
Eran Toch
Methodologies in the Development
of Information Systems
November 2003
Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch

Methodologies in Information System Development
Agenda
• Exceptions and Error Handling

– What is it and why do we need it?
– The try, catch, finally procedure
• Database Access with JDBC
– Installations
– Connecting and querying the database
– Complete example
• References
Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 2

Exceptions - Introduction
• Definition: An exception is an event that

occurs during the execution of a program that
disrupts the normal flow of instructions.
• What’s wrong with using the return value for
error handling?
– Advantage 1: Separating Error Handling Code from
"Regular" Code
– Advantage 2: Propagating Errors Up the Call Stack
– Advantage 3: Grouping Error Types and Error
Differentiation

Exceptions – Advantage 1
Separating Error Handling Code from "Regular" Code:
errorCodeType readFile { readFile {
initialize errorCode = 0; try {
open the file; open the file;
if (theFileIsOpen) { determine its size;
determine the length of the allocate that much memory;
file; read the file into memory;
if (gotTheFileLength) { close the file;
allocate that much memory; } catch (fileOpenFailed) {
if (gotEnoughMemory) { doSomething;
read the file into } catch (sizeDeterminationFailed) {
memory; doSomething;
if (readFailed) { } catch (memoryAllocationFailed) {
errorCode = -1; doSomething;
} } catch (readFailed) {
} else { doSomething;
errorCode = -2; } catch (fileCloseFailed) {
} doSomething;
. . . }
}
Without Exception With Exception

The try Block
• try block:
try {
System.out.println("Entering try statement");
out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("OutFile.txt"));
}
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
out.println("Value at: " + i + " = " + victor.elementAt(i));
• A try statement must be accompanied by at

least one catch block or one finally block.

The catch Block
• catch block handles the exception:

try {
. . .
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.err.println("Caught
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: " +
e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Caught IOException: "
+ e.getMessage());
}
• Multiple catch blocks can be placed, each

handling a different type of exception

Catching Multiple Exceptions
• Java exceptions are Throwable objects

Throwable
Exception
MyException
MySpecificException2 MySpecificException1
• Catching MyException will catch both the

subclasses. Catching Exception will catch all
types of Exceptions
Catching Multiple Exceptions – cont’d
• Example: The following catch block, will catch

all types of exceptions:
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Exception caught: " + e.getMessage());
}

The finally Block
• We can never be sure that either the try block

or the finally block will be fully executed.
• finally block code will always be executed:
finally {
if (out != null) {
System.out.println("Closing PrintWriter");
out.close();
} else {
System.out.println("PrintWriter not open");
}
}
• Used frequently for cleanup processes.

Putting it All Together
public void writeList() {
PrintWriter out = null;
try {
System.out.println("Entering try statement");
out = new PrintWriter(
new FileWriter("OutFile.txt"));
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
out.println("Value at: " + i + " = " + victor.elementAt(i));
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.err.println("Caught ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: " +
e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Caught IOException: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
if (out != null) {
System.out.println("Closing PrintWriter");
out.close();
} else {
System.out.println("PrintWriter not open");
}
}
}

throw Statement
• All Java methods use the throw statement to
throw an exception
• The method must declare that it might throw
something, by using the throws statement
public Object pop() throws EmptyStackException {
Object obj;
if (size == 0)
throw new EmptyStackException(“exception text”);
obj = objectAt(size - 1);

setObjectAt(size - 1, null);
size--;
return obj;
}

Exceptions and JavaDoc
• Exception can be documented by Javadoc

using the @exception statement
/**
* regular javadoc text…
* @throwsExceptionIf the Driver was not found.
* @throwsSQLExceptionIf the the <code>DriverManager.getConnection
* </code> method returned an error.
*/
public void createConnection()throws SQLException, Exception{

Agenda

– Installations
• References

Database Connection - Overview
• Four stages:
– Install and configure the database
– Download and configure the JDBC
– Create a connection to the database
– Access the database
• In this tutorial, examples will be based on
MySQL. The reference section include a link
to instructions for MS Access.

Database Install
• Download the MySQL database from:

http://www.mysql.com/downloads/
• Install it
• Create a specific database:
create database mytest;
• Create a user account:
grant all on mytest.* to eran identified by ‘1234’

JDBC Install
• Download Connector/J from:

http://www.mysql.com/downloads/api-jdbc.html
• Unzip it
• In order the library to be found, either:
– Copy the .jar file to:
$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext
– Or, add a classpath to the JDBC:
C:\> set CLASSPATH=\path\to\mysql-connector-java-
[version]-bin.jar;%CLASSPATH%

Accessing Database
1. Load the driver

• Creating a connection object
• Create a statement object
• Execute an SQL query and get results
using the ResultSet object

Example – Database Management
mysql> create database mytest; Creating the DB
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to eran@localhost identified by '1234';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) Creating user account
mysql>create table phones (name varchar(255) not null unique key, phone
varchar(25) not null);
Creating the ‘phones’
mysql>describe phones;
table
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ Is everything alright?
| name | varchar(255) | | PRI | | | Let’s see…
| phone | varchar(25) | | | | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
mysql> insert into phones values ('Eran Toch', '+972-4-9831894');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)
Inserting some data

Example – Connection
import java.sql.*;
Importing java.sql.* that
public class SQLConnect { contains all the classes we
Connection conn = null; need
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null; Connection, Statement and
public SQLConnect(){}
ResultSet are defined as
public void createConnection(){ class variables
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
}
catch (Exception E){ Dynamically loading the specific
System.out.println(E); JDBC driver. The runtime environment
} must know where the library is located!
try{
conn =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/mytest?user=test
master&password=1234");
}
catch (SQLException E){
Connecting to the database using
System.out.println(E); the url
}
}
Example – Locating Libraries
• If the following error message occurs:

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver
• Then the driver was not found.

– For Eclipse, add it in the
project properties window
– For runtime, add it to the
classpath
Project properties window in

Eclipse

Example – Access and Query
Creating a statement
public String getPhones(){
String output = ""; Creating a ResultSet, based
try {
on a SQL statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM phones");
if (rs != null){
while (rs.next()){ Going through the
output += rs.getString("phone") + "\n"; ResultSet by using
} rs.next(). Remember – you
} need to call the next method
} before you start reading from the
catch (Exception E){ ResultSet
System.out.println(E.getMessage());
}
Reading a field from the

ResultSet

Example – Cleaning off
finally { Cleaning off is best done in
if (rs != null) {
try {
the “finally” clause
rs.close();
}
catch (SQLException sqlEx) {} Cleaning off ResultSet
rs = null;
}
if (stmt != null) {
try {
stmt.close();
Cleaning off Statement,
} after the ResultSet
catch (SQLException sqlEx) {}
stmt = null;
public void closeConnection(){
}
if (conn != null){
}
try {
return output;
conn.close();
}
}
catch (SQLException sqlEx){}
Cleaning off the connection, conn = null;
}
in a different method (why?) }

Example – Test Client
public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SQLConnect connect = new SQLConnect();
connect.createConnection();
String allPhones = connect.getPhones();
connect.closeConnection();
System.out.println("phones:");
System.out.println(allPhones);
}
}
Output
phones:
+972-4-9831894

Agenda

– Installations
• References

References
• Exception handling in the Java tutorial:

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/exceptions/index.html
• JDBC Tutorial:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/
• MySQL Tutorial:
http://www.mysql.com/documentation/mysql/bychapter/
• MySQL JDBC Connector/J Tutorial:
http://www.mysql.com/documentation/connector-j/
• Using Microsoft Access with JDBC:
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-09/03-qa
-0922-access.html


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Tutorial:

Advanced Java Programming

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch

• Exceptions and Error Handling

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 2

• Definition: An exception is an event that

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 3

Without Exception With Exception

• A try statement must be accompanied by at

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 5

• catch block handles the exception:

• Multiple catch blocks can be placed, each

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 6

• Java exceptions are Throwable objects

• Catching MyException will catch both the

• Example: The following catch block, will catch

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 8

• We can never be sure that either the try block

• Used frequently for cleanup processes.

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 9

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 10

obj = objectAt(size - 1);

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 11

• Exception can be documented by Javadoc

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 12

• Exceptions and Error Handling

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 13

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 14

• Download the MySQL database from:

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 15

• Download Connector/J from:

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 16

1. Load the driver

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 17

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 18

• If the following error message occurs:

• Then the driver was not found.

Project properties window in

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 20

Reading a field from the

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 21

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 22

public class Test {

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 23

• Exceptions and Error Handling

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 24

• Exception handling in the Java tutorial:

Advanced Java Programming – Eran Toch 25

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