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Chapter 34

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War

Just Another Customer, 1933


The United States recognizes the Soviet Union.

Adolf Hitler Reviewing Troops, Berlin, 1939

Egging his people on with theatrical displays of pomp and ceremony !itler had created a vast military machine "y #$%$ when he started World War && with a "r'tal attack against (oland.

The

ages of !espair

Disill'sioned and desperate millions of )ermans in the #$%*s looked to +dolf !itler as their savior from the harsh terms of the Treaty of ,ersailles which had concl'ded World War &. This -azi poster reads ./'r 0ast !ope1 !itler.2

"The #nl$ Her,& 1939

a$

e Can %ave

Even as war "roke o't in E'rope many +mericans contin'ed to insist on the morality of U.S. ne'trality.

The Western E'ropean democracies looked on helplessly as -azi )ermany swallowed 'p +'stria and part of 3zechoslovakia in #$%4 and !itler5s 6'ggerna't seemed 'nstoppa"le.

hat 'e(t) 193*

Hitler %waggers into +aris, 194,

The fall of France to )erman forces in 7'ne #$8* was a galling "low to French pride and convinced many +mericans that their co'ntry m'st mo"ilize to defeat the -azi menace.

%hattered Jewish %torefronts in Berlin


This photo was taken after the attacks of 9ristallnacht on -ovem"er $ #$%4.

Al-ert .instein Arriving in Ameri/a, 1933


Sadly the United States admitted only a trickle of 7ewish ref'gees while the !oloca'st eng'lfed E'ropean 7ewry.

+ro0British +ropaganda

This patriotic poster was p't o't "y the 3ommittee to Defend +merica "y +iding the +llies.

A Campaign +oster from the .le/tion of 194,


Roosevelt emerged as the only president ever to "reak the two:term tradition.

+residential .le/tion of 194, 1with ele/toral vote -$ state2


Willkie referred to Roosevelt only as .the third:term candidate.2 /n election eve FDR hinted that comm'nists and fascists were among Willkie5s s'pporters. Despite these campaign conflicts the two men respected each other. FDR later asked Willkie to serve as his emissary a"road and even s'ggested that they r'n together on a coalition ticket in #$88.

'o to 3end03ease
;em"ers of the ;assach'setts Woman5s (olitical 3l'" presented (resident Roosevelt with a petition protesting adoption of the 0end:0ease <ill and picketed the White !o'se. They feared that +merica5s increasing involvement with the +llied ca'se wo'ld event'ally draw their sons into "attle=as it did despite the president5s ass'rances to the contrary.

4ain 5low of 3end0 3ease Aid 1width of arrows indi/ates relative amount2
The pro'd "'t desperate <ritish prime minister Winston 3h'rchill declared in early #$8# .)ive 's the tools and we will finish the 6o".2 0end:lease event'ally provided the <ritish and other +llies with >?* "illion worth of .tools.2

6ne(pe/ted 7uest, 1941

Stalin 6oins the democracies <ritain and +merica.

The Battleship West Virginia


The shocking 7apanese attack on (earl !ar"or on Decem"er @ #$8# propelled the United States into World War &&. /ne of the first ships to "e hit the USS West Virginia A'ickly sank at its mooring taking at least seventy sailors down with it. <y Septem"er #$88 the West Virginia had "een repaired and was "ack in service.

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