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Door
It is the screen used to seal an opening in to the

building or between spaces within the building. A framework secured by finishing materials & fixed in opening of wall that provides access to the users in to the building (frame and shutters), made up of different materials

Door
Parts of door
Frame Shutter Fixtures

Parts of door shutter

Horizontal top and bottom part is rail, Vertical posts by the side are style, Vertical member in the middle is mullion, Board or sheet in space in-between is panel,

Parts of Door and Shutter

Horizontal Rail Style Mullion Fixture Rail Shutter Panel

Frame

Horizontal Rail

Types of doors

Based on Shutter
Battened door Paneled door Glazed door Flush door Sliding door Revolving door Collapsible door Rolling shutter door Swing door Corrugated steel sheet door Mild steel sheet doors Wire gauged doors Louvered doors

Based on materials Timber, Steel, Aluminum, Others

Types of doors
Rail Style

Battened door Paneled door Glazed door

Flush door

Types of doors
Inside

Outside
Collapsible door Rolling Shutter Revolving door Sliding door Swing door

Windows
Window is the opening in the wall of building.
Main purpose of window is to provide natural light

and also to facilitate ventilation in the building. This can be made with variety of materials.

Location of door and window

Number of door is kept minimum. Door should not be located on the centre of the length

of wall. Preferable to keep at corner. If there are 2 doors are in a room ,They should be kept at opposite walls facing each other so that good ventilation. The size and no. of windows is decided by considering distribution of light ,cross ventilation and privacy of occupants. Location of window should fulfill decoration and aesthetic beauty criteria.
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Location of door and window

A window should be located in opposite wall,facing a

door or another window so that cross ventilation is achieved. For the point of view of fresh air , a window should be located on the northern side. From the point of view of fresh air , a window should be located in the prevalent direction of wind. The sill of a window should be located about 70 to 80 cm about floor level of the room.
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Types of windows

Based on uses and Shutter

Casement/ordinary window Glazed/sash window Louvered window. Pivoted window Corner window Double hung window Gable window Dormer window Bay window Clerestorey window Lantern light window Sky light window Sliding window Venetian shutter Ankhi-Jhyal Deshemaru-jhya etc.

Based on materials use

Timber Steel Aluminum PVC windows Others

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Types of windows

Ordinary window

Glazed window

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Types of windows

Corner window

Bay window

Clerstorey window

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Types of windows
Dormer window Sky light

Gable window

Louvered window

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Types of windows
Lantern

Desemarujya

Sliding window

Ankhijyal

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Process of fixing doors and windows

Wooden Door and window frames are fixed in openings at the time of wall

construction. Holdfasts to required numbers are nailed on the frame before setting frame to position. Frame is carried to position and set with the help of ropes and poles. Frame is than put to plumb (frame should be perfectly vertical). Once the frame is set and leveled, the holdfasts are fixed in wall with cement concrete etc. Final checking of plumb is done, if required corrections are applied. Shutters are finally fixed before painting works. Aluminum and PVC frames are fixed after completing masonry work.

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Glazing in windows
Single and double-glazing The window frame with glass in panels is called glazed section. Single layer of glass is single glazing and section with double layer of glass

is double-glazing. Single glazing is the general practice and double-glazing is done for special purpose, Almost all glazed windows are of double glazed in Europe and other cold region. Double glazing conserves energy to high degree. There must be vacuum in-between two glasses otherwise condensation takes place. Glass permits entry of solar radiation but changes wavelength thus heat energy is entrapped- called green house effect.

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Ventilation
Ventilator is the narrow opening with small height

provided near the roof or floor slab in the building. The main purpose of the ventilator is to facilitate air flow in the building. It also acts to provide natural light. The shape and size of the ventilator is similar to the window sections. According to the Nepalese by-laws, at least one side of bathroom must face outside and provided ventilator for well ventilation.

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Types of ventilators

Side hung Bottom hung Horizontally pivoted Vertically pivoted Top hung Vertically sliding Bhaupa (Cat hole)

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Fixtures and fastenings for door,window and ventilator

Hinge
Bolts Handles Locks

See page no. 407 BC Punmia for other details

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 Corrugated Lighting Sheet, also known as fiberglass

reinforced polyester Lift speed

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