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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
LECTURE 04
ASST PROF. ENGR
ALI SALMAN
alisalman@ ceme.nust.edu.pk DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT COLLEGE OF E & ME, NUST
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Topics Covered
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
WBS Functions
WBS Formats
WBS Specifications
Levels of WBS
A deliverable is defined as any measurable, tangible, verifiable item that must be produced to complete a project.
This definition is often interpreted as meaning objects (i.e. things that can be picked up, manufactured, assembled and delivered)
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WBS-Example
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WBS Functions
The WBS may be the single most important tool and technique in the project management process, since it provides (functions as) a common framework from which:
WBS Formats/Structures
WBS can display in different formats like:
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Remember the WBS defines a project and groups the project elements for managing a project. An organizational chart describes the project team that will accomplish the project.
Chapter 1 1.1.1.1
Chapter 2 1.1.1.2
Chapter 3 1.1.1.3
Project Organization
1.1.1.1.2
Scheduling 1.1.1.2.2
Auditing 1.1.1.3.1
Administrative Closeout
1.1.1.3.2
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Prepare Report
1.0 Prepare draft report 2.0 Review draft report 3.0 Prepare final report 3.1 Write final report 3.2 Print final report
---Subtask
----work package
Bubble Format:
The bubble in the center represents your project Lines from the center bubble lead to activities Lines from activities lead to tasks
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Print Final Report
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Bubble Format:
Effective for supporting the brainstorming process Not so good for displaying work breakdown structures to audiences who are not familiar with the project Use bubble format to develop the WBS, then turn it into Org-Chart or outline format.
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Prepare Report
Prepare Report
1.0 Prepare draft report 2.0 Review draft report
Prepare Final Report
Bubble Format
Prepare Report
Write Final Report
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Combined Formats:
Combination of org-chart and outline formats can be used to
Display
activities in org-chart format Display sub activities and tasks in outline format This way can be helpful in large projects and works well while developing a WBS using the wall method in the way shown on next slide.
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Combined Format
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See the complete WBS Voice suggestions and comments Quickly add, remove and rearrange tasks as necessary
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Cycling Format:
A cycling format is utilized on research projects that are performed in phases. Although WBS elements are usually thought of as representing unique, one time events, research projects present a different approach. In this case, a cycling WBS is recommended because as tasks are executed, new information may create need to repeat tasks at a new level of detail.
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WBS Specifications
The following specifications are offered to ensure that the WBS can serve its functions.
Manageable
Note: These specifications are the minimum requirements when reviewing a WBS for acceptability, and should never be disregarded.
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Integratable
Coded Measurable
Manageable Manageable (in sense) that specific responsibility can be assigned and durations/ costs can be estimated.
Integratable Integratable, so that the total project can be seen as the summation of the lower level elements.
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Coded To permit the transfer of information among the planning, accounting and reporting systems.
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Levels of WBS
A typical WBS has three to six levels. It is of course possible to have projects that require a lot more levels. Twenty levels is considered to be the upper limit, and that is a huge project.
Increasing the number of levels within the WBS will expand the level of detail at which the project is planned and controlled. However all experienced project managers know that there is a point of diminishing returns in breaking down a project.
Conversely, neglecting to break the project down for enough will make estimating and accurate tracking very difficult.
NOTE:
Finding the proper level of detail requires careful thought and experience.
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Program Level
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3. For those elements for which adequate durations and cost estimates can not be made or responsibilities can not be easily assigned, proceed to step 4. otherwise proceed to step 5.
4. Further subdivide each element into its constituent elements. Repeat step 2 and 3 for each constituent element. 5. Review the WBS for acceptability by comparing it to the WBS specifications.
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Discussion
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