Graduation Project Course (GP2)

A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al-Ain

Group Member : Aisha Al-Dhanhani Sarah Al-Dhanhani Salma Ali ID : 200511457 200511437 200508158 Examiner Members:

Contents

Project summary Location Building detailed design

Atrium space zone Services and Offices The bridge zone The Bus Movement Area

Structure detailed design

Tree Structure Design & Calculation Waffled slab design & calculation Basment floor suggested structure

Safety consideration Conclusion

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Project Summary What is the project?

This project represents a proposal for bus station in Al Ain, taking into consideration:

architectural and structural engineering concepts Transportation traffic circulation Urban design of the site

Project Summary Why this project?

According to the Department of Transportation Statistics, the existing bus station is totally unprepared to serve the people current and future needs. This in turn lead Al-Ain city to suffer from lack of public transportation.

Project Summary
Objectives

The main goals of this project are:

Redevelop the bus station area to respond to the rising needs for a facility that would encourage people to use the public transportation. The new proposed facility would provide integration between station, the oasis and other surrounding amenities. To design a lightweight structural system that integrates physically and visually with its surroundings, particularly with the Oasis.

Objectives
Our project design Objectives are:
1. 2.

Design with added new facilities. Achieve the safety circulation inside &outside the building.

3.
4. 5.

Organize traffic circulation.

Visual harmony with surrounding environment. Provide a flexible design of plans in term of functions.

Architectural problem (Existing

Architectural No main building with facility (land mark) No services to achieve people need). Low quality appearance . Low visual perception. Urbanism

site problem ) Environmental The location is very near to Al Ain Oasis. Orientation of the building (south west)

Unauthorized parking, No relation between the parking . Not organized circulation

Site Boundary Main Street Sub Street

Bus stop shelter

Site Boundary Main Street Sub Street

Unauthorized Parking. Bus Circulation.

Site Boundary Main Street

Alain Oasis

Engineering Problem Statement

Transit structures, including stations, are subjected to a wide range of loads and forces concentrate erection. So the main engineering problem are :
1.

The decision of alternative structure type that can carry the loads calculated. The structure alternative required being light weight and can carry the span designed. Engineer should develops the structural systems designs within the context of the archituctural concept.

2.

3.

Location

The chosen site is at the north of Al Ain Oasis and it is based on the new visionary plan Al Ain 2030, which is developed by Urban Planning council (UPC).

Site Location

Building detailed design

Generally, in the bus

station there are 4 main

zones which are

Atrium space zone

Services and Offices

The bridge zone The Bus Movement Area
Atrium space zone Services & offices Bridge zone

Each one of them were designed according to some specifications and challenges

Atrium space zone

The integration of the building with the surrounding environment which is the oasis environment is intelligible in this zone.

Atrium space zone

Aviary project column design is inspired from the surrounded trees style. The building skin is transparent to achieve the integration with the surrounded.

Tree column structure system to support the roof and its design taken from the palm tree Distribute the tree column according to the modularity and straight lines as in palm trees farms Use a glass walls to achieve the transparency and the integration

Services and Offices

Two floors contain:

Vertical circulation Fire escape Offices Access to the waiting areas (bridge) Mechanical equipments (air handling units) located at the top of this zone.
Main Entrance

Legend

Atrium space zone

Services & offices Bridge zone
View to the oasis

The bridge zone

It represents a waiting area for passenger to avoid the risk that might happen in the bus circulation area or in the drop off area. Escalators were included directly in the drop area part and prevent the passengers from crossing the street.

The Bus Movement Area

The bus movement area was designed to achieve the safety for the passengers and also to avoid the traffic circulation for the buses.

Basment floor plan

# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Restaurant Toilet Ice cream shop Newspaper shop Mechanical room Electrical room Ticket Cleaning room

9
10 11

Service room
kitchen shop

Basement floor plan

scale1:500

First floor plan

# 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pantry office Manager room Waiting area Gallery toilet

First floor plan

scale1:500

Ground floor plan

# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 shop Service room Mechanical room Corner shop toilet Ticket office Travel office ATM Tourist information Electrical room

11

Coffee shop

Ground floor plan

scale1:500

Site plan

Site plan

scale1:500

Structure detailed design

Tree Structure Design & Calculation Waffled slab design & calculation Basement suggested structure

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Tree Structure distribution

Modular Distribution Different tributary areas

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Tree Structure Design

Roof

Tree column Tree members

Tree column

Beam (purling) X member with sub branch Crossed member

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Load calculation for Tree members

Dead Load (D.L) :
1.

Weight of the upper roof (aluminum sandwich panel). Weight of purling (roof beams). Own weight of the tree members.

2.

3.

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Load calculation for Tree members

1. Upper roof weight:

A Tributary = 12.5*12.5=156.25m2
Thickness of aluminum sandwich panel = 0.2m, Panel = 13.9 Kg/m2 D.L panel= A Tributary* panel = (156.25)*(13.9) = 2171.875 Kg = 21.72 kN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree members

2. Purling weight:

From LRFD manual, Table 1-5, page 1-34, we select section C9 X 20, properties: Ib/ft= 20, Depth = 9 in=0.23m, Length = 12.5m = 42.52ft, #purling = 6

D.L of Purling = 20 (Ib/ft) *(42.52ft) = 850.4 Ib = 3.8 kN*6= 22.8 kN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree members

3. Own weight of the member:

From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94, we select section Hss 7.625X0.328, Properties:
Ib/ft=25.59, D= 0.2m, I = 47.1 in4=0.2 m4, A=28.5in2= 0.02m2

L of x member =7.5m =24.6 ft, # of x =4 crossed

L of crossed member = 5m=16.4ft, # of crossed member= 4

# sub branch member= 8
Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree members

3. Own weight of the member:
Weight of x main branch= 25.59 lb/ft*24.6 ft= 629.514 Ib =2.8 kN* 4 =11.2 kN Weight of cross branch= 25.59 lb/ft*16.4 ft= 419.7 Ib =1.8 kN=2 kN*4 = 8 kN Assume that weight of sub branches= 0.5 kN *8 = 4 kN Total weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree members

4. Total dead load:
1. 2. 3.

Upper roof weight= 21.72 kN Purling weight= 22.8 kN weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN

Total dead load= 21.72+ 22.74 + 23.2 = 67.66 kN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree members

Live Load (L.L) :

From ASCE 7-05, Table 4-1, (page 13): Lo= 0.96 kN/m2 Reduction for live load(see appendix 5)

Lr= Lo R1 R2
At=156.25 m2 Flat Roof

0.58 Lr 0.96
55.74 m2 F4 R1=0.6 R2=1

Lr= 0.96*0.6*1= 0.576 = 0.58 kN/m2 Lr=0.58*At=0.58*156.25= 90.625 kN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree members

Ultimate load :

D.L= 67.66 kN L.L= 90.625 kN Using American concrete institute ACI-08:

Wu=1.2 D.L+1.6 L.L= 1.2*(67.66) +1.6*(90.625) = 226.2 KN

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Structure analysis for Tree members

Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points : P= = = 14.1375 kN

Plan

Member A

Elevation

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Structure analysis for Tree members

Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points : P= = = 14.1375 kN

Plan

Member A

Elevation

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Structure analysis for Tree members

14.14 kN 14.14 kN 28.28 kN
14.14 kN

C
5m

28.28 kN

C
5m

28.28kN

B
= 38.66

C
5m

B
= 38.66

B
= 38.66

A
3.125m 3.125 m

A
3.125m 3.125 m

A
3.125m 3.125 m

Structure analysis for member A

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Structure analysis for Tree members

Ma =0 =14.14(6.25) + 28.28 (3.125) =176.75 kN.m Fx a (normal force) =0 =8.8 + 17.5 =26.3 kN Fy a (shear force) =0 =11.04 + 22.1 = 33.14 kN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Structure analysis for Tree members

Ma = 176.75 kN.m N =26.3 kN V = 33.14 kN A= 0.02m2 I= 0.2 m4 Y= 0.1 m

fy = 42 Ksi (289579.8 kN/m2)

1,403.4 Kn/m2 289579.8 kN/m2

Ok

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Load calculation for Tree column

To calculate the total loads of the column we did consider:
1.

Weight from tree members

2.

Own weight of the column .

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree column

P
Wight from the Member:

P= 226.192 kN

8.5m

Own weight of the column:

From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94, we select section Hss 20X0.5 ,Properties: Ib/ft=104, D= 0.5 m, I = 1360 in4= 5.7*10-4 m4, A=28.5 in2= 0.02 m2 Own wt of the column = 104 Ib/ft * 27.9 ft = 2,901.6 Ib = 13 kN

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree column

Total Wight on tree column:

P= 226.192 kN Own wt of the column =13 kN Total weight on the column = 13 + 226.192 = 239.2 kN

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Structure analysis for Tree column

Stress check Check for global buckling Local buckling

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Load calculation for Tree column

Stress check:

F=

= 11,960 kN/m2 fy =289579.8 kN/m2

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree column

Global bulking :
1. Find (KL) is called the effective buckling length of the column, From LRFD manual, TABLE C-C2.2 (p. 16.1-240), we choose K= 2 L= length of the column = 27.9ft= 55.8 ft KL= 2*27.9ft= 55.8 ft

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree column

Global bulking :
2. calculate the slenderness ratio Steel type = A572 Grade 50 . HSS 20X0.5: r = 6.91 in Preferably should not exceed 200 96.9 200 :

No. Global bucling

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation for Tree column

Local bucling :
From Table B4.1 of the AISC code, pages 16.1-16 to 16.1-18, For circular hollow section D/t = 43 < 0.11E/Fy = 0.11E/Fy = 0.11*(29000/50) = 63.8

No local buckling

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Waffled slab design

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Load calculation
We did design the waffled slab in two ways:

First, by using the ACI code and standard dimension. Second, by using the company standard dimension.

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Load calculation
ACI code ,Dead load :

From ASCE7-05 code, Table C3-2 (page 266): conc = 22.6 kN/m3 Slab own weight= thickness of the slab *unit weight of concrete* span = 0.2m*22.6(kN/m3)* 12.5m = 56.5 kN From ASCE7, Table C3-1 (page 265): F.C weight = 1.58 kN/M2 Floor cover weight= 1.58(kn/m2) = 1.58*(12.5*25)= 493.75 kN Ribs weight = (0.5*0.24)*22.6KN/m3* 12.5m =33.9 KN Total D.L= 56.5 + 493.75 + 50.85= 601.1kN
Graduation Project Course (GP2)

0.6m

1m
0.15m

0.8m

As shrinkage As main

Load calculation
Company code :

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation
Company code :

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

Load calculation
Company code :

Graduation Project Course (GP2)

L1=0.2m L2=0.233m L3=0.279m

H1=0.15m H =0.35m H2=0.5m

0.7m

0.2m

Summary of final design and solution

Design with added new facilities

Exist condition

Final Design

Achieve the outside safety circulation Organize traffic circulation

Enter

Exit

Waiting area (bridge) Escalator Bus circulation

Achieve inside safety circulation

To the ground floor(side walk)

25m

To out side open area

17m

17m Basement floor plan

Achieve inside safety circulation

14.2 m

23m

Ground floor plan

Visual harmony with surrounding environment

Visual harmony with surrounding environment

Visual harmony with surrounding environment

Be in harmony with surrounding facility and environment

functions

Thank you for your listening