ENERGY RESOURCES & MANAGEMENT

Course Outline:
oEnergy and power : Forms of energy oPerspectives of world and local energy

production and consumption. oTypes of energy resources. oEconomic incentives of energy resources.

o Theory and application of different energy

resources o Biomass o Solar energy o Wind energy o Hydropower o Geothermal o Environmental impacts of energy production and utilization o Importance of energy conservation.

What is Energy?
Capacity or ability of a matter to perform work. If an object or organism does work (exerts a force over a distance to move an object) the object or organism uses energy. Given the direct connection between energy and work, energy is measured in the same unit as work: joules (J).

Forms of Energy:

There are five main forms of energy; Heat Chemical Electromagnetic Nuclear Mechanical

1) Heat Energy
The internal motion of the atoms is called heat energy, because moving particles produce heat. Heat energy can be produced by friction. Heat energy causes changes in temperature and phase of any form of matter. The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are.

2) Chemical Energy
Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions. Chemical Energy is required to bond atoms together. And when bonds are broken, energy is released. Fuel and food are forms of stored chemical energy.

The chemical bonds in a matchstick store chemical energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck.

3) Electromagnetic Energy
Energy contained in the electromagnetic radiations. The electromagnetic radiation has magnetic and electric fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation, and travels without a supporting medium.

Light is a form of electromagnetic energy. Each color of light represents a different amount of electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic Energy is also carried by X-rays , gamma rays, ultraviolet rays, microwave rays, radio waves, and laser light.

4) Nuclear Energy
The nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy. When the nucleus splits (fission), nuclear energy is released in the form of heat energy and light energy. Nuclear energy is also released when nuclei collide at high speeds and join (fusion).

The suns energy is produced from a nuclear fusion reaction in which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei.

5) Mechanical Energy
When work is done to an object, it acquires energy. The energy it acquires is known as mechanical energy. The bowling ball has mechanical energy. When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins. Kicking a football makes it to move ; thus acquiring mechanical energy.

States of Energy

All forms of energy can be in either of two states: Potential Kinetic Kinetic Energy is the energy due to motion. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity. Potential Energy is due to objects position.

 Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus of atom, and in foods. Or stored because of the work done on it: Stretching a rubber band. Lifting a brick high in the air.

What type of energy cooks food in a microwave oven?

What type of energy is the spinning plate inside of a microwave oven?

What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?

ELECTRICAL ENERGY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

What energy conversion takes place from the starting of a car till it moves???