Role of Technology in Disaster Management

V Bhanumurthy
bhanumurthy_v@nrsc.gov.in

Workshop on Disaster Preparedness, Management and Risk Reduction December 09, 2013 under Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation Civil Engg Dept, VNRVJIET, Hyderabad

Understanding Disasters

Can We Stop Disasters Can We Control Disasters Can We Predict Disasters Can We Manage Disasters

No, Mostly Not Totally Not Many Partly Yes

What We Can do ???

DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTER TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER / MAN-MADE 1. Floods (CWC) 1. Fire (State Govt) 2. Cyclones (IMD) 2. Explosion ((State Govt, MHA) 3. Forest fires (MoEF) 3. Building collapse (State Govt) 4. Landslides (GSI) 4. Train/ vehicle accidents (IR, State Govt) 5. Drought (MoA) 5. Failure of dams (CWC) 6. Spread of epidemics (MoH) 6. Major structural failure (State Govt) 7. Earthquakes (IMD) 7. Spills of flammable liquids (MoEF) 8. Tsunami (MEoS) 8. Accidental release of toxic substances (MoEF) 9. Severe windstorms (IMD) 9. Chemical Disasters (MoEF) 10. Snow or ice storms(IMD) 10. Mining accidents (MoM) 11. Extremes weather Events(IMD) 11. Loss of electrical power (State Govt) 12. Loss of water supply (State Govt) 13. Loss of communications (State Govt, DoT) Early Warning available (3) 14. Nuclear / Radiological disaster (DoAE)

Type of Emergency
Evacuation, Rescue&Relief Medical, Contingency Operations

Type of Emergency Plans Required

Evacuation: Safe guarding against impact
Means of Transport, availability, applicability ( Air / land / water) Shelter identification, optimal path (path restrictions, traffic density)

Relief Mgmt:

Taking care of victims

Air Dropping of essential items, essential needs at shelter (sanitation, lighting etc), survival needs (food, water, medicines etc), relief distribution, clearing debris / ways/ bodies), restoration etc

Medical:
Limited Causality

Life support
Means of Transport, availability, applicability ( Air / land / water) Selection of health services ( hospital / diagnostics etc)
Availability & Applicability of mobile health services, Means of Transport, availability, applicability ( Air / land / water) Selection of health services ( hospital / diagnostics etc), categorization of patients, informing public about status of activities etc

Mass Causality

Contingency : Operations

To limit / minimize the extent of impact

Event Specific to the event, follow the individual Ministries SoPs for emergency management

Disaster/Emergency Management Concept

Event Reporting Real-time Field Info Commn Channels + Situation Assessment Resource Identification Mobilization

Nodal Depts +

Database integration, Visualization Decision Making, Actions

Decision Support System

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Built-in core & Static data Live data reception Scenario visualization Probable options to deal Choosing best option Means to implement Broadcasting capability

Core Database Facilities database Dynamic database Thematic Database

Disaster Management System

Convergence of Geospatial Technologies

GIS RS ICT

GPS
LBS Band width Convergence
ALTM

Photogrammetry

Total Station Total Turnkey Solutions

...cutting edge technologies

Mobile Technology

Mobile based Application for

Collection of Field Data on Emergency Facilities
Real time data collection on GPS
coordinates, Digital Photos & user specified parameters and transmission from field to central processing server Demonstrated on pilot scale in Puri Dist, Orissa in collaboration with OSDMA for collecting Info on Relief Shelters/ Hospitals/ Civil Godowns.

Mobile based Application

Parameters collected

Relief Management
A mobile based application, for real time field data collection through PDA device, transmission through GPRS, reception at central server for processing, analysis and visulisation and communication back to the field PDA and concerned departments for effective relief management. Visualization of calls on Spatial Map Viewer

Mobile PDA ( built-in GPS & Camera) OS Windows Mobile 6.1 Professional GPRS Connectivity Storage /Processing Servers

Visualization of calls on ISRO-Bhuvan Portal

Disaster Event Reporting System Prototype

Features Ordinary GSM mobile SMS based Registered mobiles with geo-location Mobile Server Storage/Proce ssing Servers

Railway Accident Management

Short Reporting

Mobile Application for Accident Reporting

Detail Reporting

Space Technology

Space Observations
High temporal resolution Large swath
Medium temporal resolution Large swath

Depends on Phase of the disaster Type of the disaster Extent and severity .

Low temporal resolution Limited swath Low spatial resolution Global level information

Coarse spatial resolution Regional level information

Medium spatial resolution Local level information

Low temporal resolution Very limited swath

Global to Local

High spatial resolution Location specific information

Satellite (INSAT) based Emergency Communication Systems

CWDS/ DCWDS

Satellite Phone

DTH based DWDS

Hand-held/ Mobile Messaging Terminal

Demonstrated to all concerned Put/ being put into operational use

Fishermen DAT

Uttarakhand Floods
CARTOSAT-2A satellite image of 20-June -2013 showing damages in Kedarnath and downstream
CARTOSAT-2A image of 20-June-2013 showing post-flood situation

Debris

Kedarnath Temple

Debris

Road cut-off

Road cut-off

Kedarnath Temple surroundings Damage assessment

Kedarnath Temple

Description

Count

Structures Intact

66

Damaged

47

Washed away
Retaining wall (washed away) Total

63
1 177

Data used: Pre-Floods: Cartosat-1 (year 2011) Post-Flood: Cartosat-2 (20th Jun 13)

Uttarakhand Floods
CARTOSAT-2A satellite image of 20-June -2013 showing damages in Kedarnath and downstream
CARTOSAT-1 image showing pre-flood situation CARTOSAT-2A image of 20-June-2013 showing post-flood situation

Road cut-off

Road Debris

Boulders

CARTO & LISS-IV merged product of 20th & 21st June-2013 highlighting the stream accumulations into River Mandakini

Kedarnath

Flood Affected Area

Landslide Inventory Mapping Summary of landslide inventory

Entire Mandakini valley and parts of Alaknanda valley were mapped.
Major towns covered are Kedarnath, Gaurikund, Sonprayag, Okhimath, Agastmuni, Rudraprayag and Gauchar

Total no. of landslides : 1163 (note: not field validated)

Landslide inventory maps are updated in Bhuvan

CYCLONE PHAILIN-2013, ODISHA

Pre-Cyclone UK-DMC2 data of Jan 25,2013 Post-Cyclone

nrsc

UK-DMC2 data of Oct 14,2013

Vijayawada Ranchi Express Highway

Jamunagiri Sialia
Vijayawada Ranchi Express Highway FLOODED

Jamunagiri Sialia

Asika Ambapua Jayapur Kabisuryanagar Asika

Ambapua

Karnoli
Karnoli

Jayapur

Kabisuryanagar

Jhadabandha

Flood Inundation Jhadabandha

Jagadis Pahad Hinjilikatu Kharida Hinjilikatu Kharida Jagadis Pahad

User Friendly- Products

State-Level Flood Map District-Level Flood Map

Format Jpg, Pdf Geo-Pdf Provides the spatial extent of flood inundation Provides submerged roads, rails

Detailed Flood Map

Flood Layer in GIS format

Helps in further value addition at User end With village boundary overlay

Assam: Flood Hazard Zonation

State-Level Prepared based on 94 satellite data sets acquired during different magnitudes of floods during 1998 - 2007

Flood Inundation Simulation Part of Godavari River Basin

Results
August 07, 2006 August 07, 2006

Flood Depth Map

Flood Inundation (Validation)

Flood Inundation (Simulated)

Flood Inundation (Observed)

07-Aug-06 - 72,214 ha 06-Aug-06 - 85,386 ha

82,497 hectares

Part of Nowgomg District Assam: Flood Hazard

331 Villages under Very High & High Hazard categories

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Coverage
Satellite data analysis
Drought assessment

AWiFS
AWiFS MODIS 250 mts MODIS 1 km AVHRR

Indicators/information being used in drought assessment

NDVI NDWI EVI AMSR E soil moisture CPC rainfall forecast Soil Rainfall Sown area Cropping pattern Irrigation support AVHRR

Information reporting

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations 300
250
% deviation
% of normal

Sowing progress 100

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
5 Jun 12 Jun 19 Jun 26 Jun 3 Jul 10 Jul 17 Jul 24 Jul 31 Jul 7 Aug 14 Aug 21 Aug 31 Aug 11 Sep 18 Sep 25 Sep 30 Sep

200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100

12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9

Agricultural area NDVI of NOAA AVHRR (1 km * 1km), kharif 2011

June July August

September

October

November

Daily Active Forest Fire Alerts During Feb-June Every Year based on TERRA/AQUA MODIS Data

Daily active forest fires over india during April & May 2012
APRIL 2012 MAY 2012

Month Feb-2012 Mar-2012 Apr-2012 May-2012 Total

No. of Fire Detections 9152 25322 4883 507 39864

GIS & Web Technology

14Oct 2013 Flood Layer showing submerged taluks of Balasur & Gunjam

Detailed Map view of Balasur Dist. Showing submerged Rail & villages using 14oct Radarsat 2 datasets

ISRO-DMS Programme at a glance

Natural Disasters Monitoring/ Damage Assessment

Capacity Building on DMS

Exclusive Training Prog for State Govt. Official

National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM)

Institutional Mechanism:
DMS Decision Support Centre (DSC) at NRSC in association with Nodal Agencies
MHA, MOA, Cabinet Secretariat, NDMA, , State Agencies, NGOs

Key Developmental Efforts

Airborne SAR, Communication Equipments, Support to IOTWS, Constellation of EO Satellites..

VSAT based VPN

- for Emergency Communication Strengthening

Key Areas for R&D

Landslide/ Earthquake Precursor Studies, Extreme Weather Events..

Early Warning
Systems
Tsunami, Floods, Cyclone, Drought, Landslides..

International Commitments
International Charter on Space & Major Disasters, SPIDER, Sentinel Asia,
MHA: Ministry of Home Affairs MOA: Ministry Agriculture NGO: Non-Governmental Organisations NDMA: National Disaster Management Authority

Development of

Hydro-met. Networks, DSS, ..

Decision Support Centre (DSC) Services

Seasonal Monitoring Floods
Flood Inundation Maps Damage Assessment Hazard Zonation Bank Erosion Studies Event Based Monitoring

Earthquake Damage Assessment

Cyclone

Drought MonthlyAgril. Drought Report End-of-the-Season Agril. Drought Report Forest Fire Active Fire Detection Damage Assessment

Inundation Maps Recession Maps Damage Assessment

Landslide

Damage Assessment Hazard Zonation

Information Dissemination

Central: MHA, CWC, Min. of Agri, GSI, IMD, MOEF State: Relief Commr., DM, Agri, Forest, other concerned Line Depts.

Challenges

Some Challenges
Domain Knowledge
Generation Of Info

End Utilization

Earthquake Prediction Landslide Forecasting ...

Database Development Real Time Data collection & Processing Development of Models Computational Speed

Use Friendly Interface among Depts Capacity Building ...

Tools in Distributed Environment

Connectivity Emergency Communication

Changing Emphases: from Data to Analysis

Spatial

Analysis

Data

Conversion

Attribute Tagging

Attribute Tagging

Data Conversion

Spatial Analysis

Present

Future

Image Processing Challenges

Pattern Reorganization Automatic feature extraction, Artificial Neural Networks, Parallel Processing .. .
Content / Object based info retrieval Parameterization, statistical distributions, knowledge based classification

Object detection

Artificial Intelligence & Robotics

Future Needs
Petabytes of storages and beyond
From Remote Sensing Satellites, & Global Scientific mission needs tremendous storage

High speed Networks (Terabits per second)

Key enabler to support data and bandwidth intensive applications

Grid Computing, Problem solving environments on web and collaboration tools

High Performance Computing - Petaflop and beyond

Secure Cyber Infrastructure

Demand for trusted and reliable infrastructure service is increasing.

Sensor Web
Sensor technology, computer technology and network technology need to advance together to connect information systems with the real world

Conclusion

Right TIP to DM
A few days in advance At least 24 hours in advance At least 24 hours in advance At least few hours in advance As early as possible Immediately After the event Rainfall Occurrence of a flood wave Forecast & Warning

TIP
People
IMD, CWC CWC State Relief Commissioner

Likely disaster Impact Inundation Extent/ Damage caused Relief / rescue Hazard & vulnerability

People in the likely affected area State Relief Commissioner Victims Flood control Department

Right TIP to Disaster Management

Right Time
Minutes To Days

Right Information
Simple Text Msg To Large spatial Info

What is Right Time What is Right Information Who is the Right Person Are we in a position to generate Right Info Are we in a position to communicate to Right Person at Right Time

Right Person
Top Administrator To Common Man

Talking about Disaster Management is

EASY

Conceiving & Implementation is a

CHALLENGE

thanks