Module : TOBACCO & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Mini-Lecture TOBACCO EFFECTS ON FERTILITY

Learning Objectives

To understand how smoking affects the process of reproduction in women and men To understand how smoking affects the menstrual cycle To understand how chewing tobacco affects fertility To understand how tobacco cessation can be beneficial in infertility

Contents
Core Slides: 1. Smoking & Reproduction: Women 2. Smoking & Reproduction: Men 3. Smoking & Menstrual Cycle 4. Chewing Tobacco & Fertility 5. Tobacco cessation & Infertility Optional Slides: 1. Smoking & Assisted Reproduction 2. Smoking Cessation & IVF

TOBACCO & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Core Slides

Core Slide

Smoking & Reproduction: Women1

Higher prevalence of infertility Time taken to conceive is longer Harmful to ovaries Accelerates loss of ova Impairs ability of ovarian cells to make estrogen Oocytes more prone to genetic abnormalities
http://homeopathyforwomentoday.com/wpcontent/uploads/2009/06/wishing-for-pregnancy.jpg

1. American society for reproductive medicine. Patients fact sheet 2003: Smoking and infertility. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/smoking.pdf

Core Slide

Smoking & Reproduction: Men

Lower sperm count & motility 1 Increased abnormalities in sperm shape & function 1 Increases risk of erectile dysfunction by 50% 2 Parental peri-conceptional smoking: frequency of conceiving male children 3
http://www.babiesonline.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/male-infertilitytreatment.jpg

1. American society for reproductive medicine. 2003: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/smoking.pdf 2. Bacon CG, et al. J Urol 2006;176:217-21. 3. Fukuda M, et al. Lancet 2002;359:140708

Core Slide

Smoking & Menstrual Cycle

Causes menstrual irregularities 1

Shortens luteal & follicular phase2 risk of anovulatory cycles 2 Earlier menopause2
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/res/coResourceImport/modules/hormone s/en-images/egg.jpg

1. Baumann G, et al. Circ J 2009;73:568572 2. Windham GC, et al. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:12851290.

Core Slide

Chewing Tobacco & Fertility

Significantly sperm concentration, motility, morphology & viability in severe chewing tobacco users Percentage of men with azoospermia with the level of addiction
http://ahssan.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/male_infertility_sperm_egg.jpg

1. Said T, et al. Fertil Steril 2005;84:649-653

Core Slide

Tobacco Cessation & Infertility

Both male & female infertility risk with tobacco use, therefore advise cessation Cessation of smoking is associated with in sperm number and in the frequency of sperm shape abnormalities 1
http://quittonight.org/images/smokingshadow2.jpg

1. Mattison, DR. Environ Res 1982;28:410-433

TOBACCO & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Optional Slides

Optional Slide

Smoking & Assisted Reproduction1

Twice as many IVF required Fewer oocytes obtained More canceled cycles Lower implantation rates More failed fertilization cycles Higher miscarriage rates

http://unambig.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/ivf.jpg 1. American society for reproductive medicine. Patients fact sheet 2003: Smoking and infertility. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/smoking.pdf

Optional Slide

Smoking Cessation & IVF 1

Smoking cessation (at least two months before IVF) improves chances of conception significantly
Long-term smoking: irreversible effect on ovarian function
http://myinfertilityworld.com/Male_Infertility/images/bxp56982.jpg

1. American society for reproductive medicine. Patients fact sheet 2003: Smoking and infertility. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/smoking.pdf

Thank you.