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Decisions about how to divide the product into chunks and about how much modularity to impose on the architecture are tightly linked to several issues of importance to the entire enterprise. Product change Product variety Component standardization Product performance Manufacturability Product development management
Product change
This section focuses on two types of product change: change to a particular artifact over its lifecycle e.g. : replacing a worn tyre Change to a product line or model over successive generations e.g.: substituting the next generation sus-pension system in the whole product line
Product change
Some motives to product changes are: Upgrade Adds-on Adaptation Wear Consumption Flexibility in use Reuse
Product change
Upgrade As technological capabilities or user needs evolve, some products can accommodate this evolution through upgrades.
E.g: Changing the processor board in computer printer Replacing pump in a cooling system with more power full model
Product change
Adds-on Many products are sold by a manufacturer as a basic unit to which the user adds components, often produced by third parties, as needed
Product change
Adaptation Some long-lived products may be used in several different-use environments, requiring adaptation
E.g: machine tools may have to be converted from 220V to ll0V power
Product change
Wear Physical features of a product may deteriorate with use, necessitating replacement of the worn components to extend the useful life of the product
Product change
E.g: copiers and printers frequently contain toner cartridges cameras contain film cartridges watches contain batteries
Product change
Flexibility Some products can be configured by the user to exhibit different capabilities.
E.g: many 35 mm cameras can be used with different lens and flash options
Product change
Reuse In creating subsequent products, the firm may wish to change only a few functional elements while returning the reset of the product intact
Product Variety
Variety refers to the range of product model the firm can produce with in particular time period in response to market demand . Products build around modular product architecture can be more
Component standardization
Component standardization is the use of the same component in multiple products and is closely linked to product variety
external standardization
Component standardization
Internal standardization: For internal standardization, components may be designed and manufactured within the firm or provided by suppliers E.g: Quad-4 engines at General Motors
E.g:
Timken roller bearings at Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler
Product performance
Product performance defined as how well a product implements its intended functions. Typical product performance characteristics : Speed Efficiency Life Accuracy Noise
Product performance
Holistic product performance characteristics : E.g: The product performance of motor cycle is acceleration, energy consumption, etc.., Size Shape Mass
Manufacturability
The product architecture also directly affect the ability of the team to design each chunk to produced low cost. One important design for manufacturing (DFM) strategy involves the minimization of the no of parts in a product through component integration The integration of physical component can only easily considered with in each of chunks..