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THE PHILIPPINES

An Archipelago consisting of more than 7,000 islands Land surface is 112,830 Volcanic in origin, the mountani ranges form the curicuit & Watersheds of the pacific basin of the earths surface

MOUNTAIN SYSTEMS
The three Large Ranges in the Mountain System of Luzon: Caraballo del Sur Has its Highest peak at the intersection of the boundaries of Abra Ilocos Norte, and Cagayan. Caraballos Occidentals divide into Cordillero Norte and Traverse the Region west of Cagayan River. Sierra Madre AKA Pacific Coast Range Longest continuous range in the Philippines.

The Zambales Range Starts at Cape Bolinao and follows the Sea coast to the Bataan Peninsula. Negros (Visayas) divided into two by a range from Northwest to Southeast

Kanlaon Mountain The notable peak. Panay

The Mindoro Range Begins at Mt. Halcon and is divided in 3 Ranges:


Northwest Ending Calavite Point, passing bet. Manila bay and Mindoro Strait. East Ending Lake Naujan. West Ending follows Mindoro Strait.

RIVER SYSTEMS
A.

The Fluvial System of Luzon is represented by:


Rio Grande de Cagayan which drains the Cagayan Valley. Agno Grande which drains Benguet & the valleys of Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan & Tarlac. Abra River System Recieve its tributanis from the cordillera. Drains Lepanto, Bonotoc & Abra Rio Grande de Pampanga which drain the fertile valleys of Nueja Ecija, Pampanga & Bulacan.

B. Mindanao has the largest River System int the philippines. Rio Grande de mindanao drains the central basin of Mindanao. Agusan 2nd to the Rio Grande drains the basin of Surigao.

VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES


Philippines is within what is called Fiery Circle or the Seismic belt, that is, it lies on the path of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. More than 50 volcanoes in the country with about 10 of them considered active.

MOST FAMOUS VOLCANOES:


Iraya in Batanes Island Taal in Batangas Banahaw in Albay Hibok Hibok in Camiguin Island Makaturing in Lano Apo in Davao

Mayon Most Active Errupted more than 30x since 1615 Taal Volcano smallest in the world Errupted no less than 33x

January 30, 1911 most destructive Eruption of Taal Volcano. Early Dawn of Sept. 28, 1965 Buried 6 Barrios. July 5 & after, 1966 little damage of life & Property. Sept. 3, 1976 last erruption of Taal Volcano.

EARTHQUAKES
1937 Manila esperienced a severe earthquake many buildings in the commercial district were partly destroyed. Aug. 2, 1968 A violent earthquake happened that an apartment building collapsed killing hundreds of people. June 3, 1868 one of the most destructive earthquakes in Philippine History occured. the Manila Cathedral & Residentials houses collapsed & many people were killed.

April

1, 1955 Another Destructive Earthquake. August 17, 1976 by for the most destructive earthquake that occured in the philippines that struck Mindanao. (Instensity 8)

COASTLINE
The Philippines has an irregular coastline that extends to about 10,880 statue miles, twice as long as that of continental states. The Irregular coastline results in contrasts that make fir numerous fin harbors & landlocked straits. Manila Bay Area of a little more than 700 square miles & a circumferences of 120 miles. one of the finest natural harbors in the world.

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

GOVERNMENT

is defined as "the corporate governmental authority which the functions of government are exercised throughout the Philippines, including, save as the contrary appears from the context, the various arms through which political authority is made effective in the Philippines, whether pertaining to the autonomous regions, the provincial, city, municipal or barangay subdivisions or other form of local government."

The political system in the Philippines takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of government within a pluriform multi-party system

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Republic of the Philippines has a representative democracy modeled after the United States of America's system of government. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, adopted during the Corazon Aquino administration, reestablished a presidential system of government with a bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary.

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

The Executive branch (law-enforcing body) is under the headship of the president. The president obtains the position through national voting system; the tenure is a six-year period. The executive seat of the state is run officially from the Malacaang Palace and also serves as the official residence of the president. The Vice-President is the second highest position and is also elected for a 6-year term through a popular voting system.

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Legislative branch (law-making body) is characterized by a bicameral Congress comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives. Occupying the upper house is the Senate whose 24 members are voted for in a national election with a 6-year term. On the lower house is the House of Representatives elected to a 3-year term.

JUDICIAL BRANCH
The Judicial branch (law-interpreting body) demonstrates its authority to the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body and presided by a Chief Justice with 14 Associate Justices; all are appointed by the president under the advice of the Judicial and Bar Council. The legal system used in the early 1990s was derived for the most part from those of Spain and the

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