Analysis and Comparison of 3G Technologies

ISSUE 1.0

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Course Contents
Chapter 1 WCDMA Technology Features Chapter 2 cdma2000 Technology Features Chapter 3 TD-SCDMA Technology Features Chapter 4 Technologies Comparison

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WCDMA Network Features

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WCDMA Technical Features

BTS synchronization mode: Support synchronous/asynchronous BTS operation Signal bandwidth: 5 MHz Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps

Transmit diversity mode: TSTD, STTD, and FBTD Channel coding: Convolutional code and Turbo code Modulation mode: QPSK (uplink), QPSK (downlink) Power control: Uplink/downlink closed loop control and outer-loop power control Demodulation mode: Pilot-assisted coherence demodulation

Voice coding: AMR

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Course Contents
Chapter 1 WCDMA Technology Features Chapter 2 cdma2000 Technology Features Chapter 3 TD-SCDMA Technology Features Chapter 4 Technologies Comparison

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cdma2000 RTT Features

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Technical Features of cdma2000 1X

IS-95A/B is a subset of cdma2000. Chip rate: 1.2288 Mcps Spread-spectrum modulation: QPSK (forward), HPSK (reverse) Reverse pilot and coherence demodulation Fast forward and reverse quick power control Forward transmit diversity: OTD and STS Addition of Turbo code for channel coding Variable frame length: 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms Support F-QPCH and extend the standby time of the mobile station Maximum speed of 307.2 kbps Support QoS negotiation Support multi-media services Support 8K/13K QCELP 8 kbps EVRC The channel capacity is twice of the IS-95A/B
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Technical Features of cdma2000 3X

Chip rate: 3*1.2288 Mcps Peak access rate: 2Mbps
1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz

Forw ard L ink

Forw ard L ink

1MHz

2 MHz

1MHz

2 MHz

3 MHz

4 MHz

5 MHz

Reverse L ink

Reverse L ink

1MHz

2 MHz

1MHz

2 MHz

3 MHz

4 MHz

5 MHz

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Evolution to cdma2000
cdma2000 is compatible with the IS-95A/B. SCH is added to support the packet services. IS-95A/B can be evolved into cdma2000 by adding cdma2000 1X BSC and cdma2000 BTS. That is, the services can be evolved smoothly by adding relevant equipment.

1 IS-95A/B carrier 1 IS-95A/B carrier + 2 cdma2000 1X carriers cdma2000 1X carrier

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Course Contents
Chapter 1 WCDMA Technology Features Chapter 2 cdma2000 Technology Features Chapter 3 TD-SCDMA Technology Features Chapter 4 Technologies Comparison

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TD-SCDMA Network Features

The CN is evolved from the GSM/GPRS network and is compatible with the
GSM/GPRS network.

The CN can be based on TDM, ATM, and IP technologies and evolved into a total-IP network.

Logically, the CN is divided into CS and PS, which respectively complete

the circuit-switched services and packet-switched services.

The ATM-based UTRAN can process the voice and packet services and be evolved into an IP network.

The MAP and GPRS tunneling technologies are the core of the mobility management mechanism in the WCDMA technology.

The TD-SCDMA system will adopt the CN structure of the WCDMA system.
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Technical features of TD-SCDMA Technology

TD-SCDMA is proposed by the CWTS. It is the first time that the Chinas telecommunication standards are accepted by the ITU.

Main features of TD-SCDMA

Key technologies of TD-SCDMA

Smart antenna + Combined detection Multi-slot CDMA + DS-CDMA Synchronous CDMA Channel coding/decoding + interleaving (same as 3GPP)

Smart Antenna Synchronous CDMA Software Radio

Relay handoff

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Course Contents
Chapter 1 WCDMA Technology Features Chapter 2 cdma2000 Technology Features Chapter 3 TD-SCDMA Technology Features Chapter 4 Technologies Comparison

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Comparison between Three 3G Technologies

WCDMA Receiver structure Support closed-loop Rake Yes cdma2000 Rake Yes TD-SCDMA Rake Yes

power control
handoff Soft handoff and Soft handoff and Relay handoff

hard handoff
Coherence demodulation 3..8 TST, STT, and FBT

hard handoff
Coherence demodulation N*1228 OT and ST Coherence demodulation 1.2 None

Demodulation mode Chip rate (Mcps) Transmit diversity

mode
Synchronization mode Core network
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Asynchronous GSM

Synchronous ANSI-41

Synchronous GSM
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Advantages of TD-SCDMA System

TD-SCDMA system improves the spectrum efficiency. Paired band is not required and allocation of bands is more simple. In contrast, the FDD of the WCDMA system requires paired bands.
TD-SCDMA system is suitable for asymmetrical services such as Internet, multimedia applications, and file transfer service, because the uplink/downlink resources can be allocated flexibly. In contrast, the WCDMA system wastes an uplink band. The uplink and downlink are correlated. They work at the same band. Thus, the symmetry features of band allows the introduction of new technologies such as the smart antenna to improve the performance and reduce the cost. In contrast, the uplink and downlink work at different bands in the WCDMA and thus are not correlated. The investment on the TDD equipment is low. As the channel are correlated, the receiver can be simplified. It sets no requirements on the TX and RX isolations and thus the monolithic IC can be used in the RF transceiver.
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Disadvantages of TD-SCDMA System

Synchronization between BTSs: To reduce the interference between BTSs, synchronization between BTSs is required.
Interference: Synchronization is very important in the telecommunications system. The TDD system is itself a synchronous system and sets strict requirements on the synchronization. In addition, the fact that the uplink and downlink operate at the same band adds more interferences to the system. Coverage area: The coverage area of the TD-SCDMA system is smaller than that of the WCDMA system. Travel speed: ITU-R requires the TDD to support a maximum travel speed of 120 km/h. However, the FDD system can support a maximum travel speed of 500km/h. Transmit power: TD-SCDMA requires a large instantaneous transmit power due to the pulse power interference just like that of TDMA. This problem does not occur to the FDD system, because the power is transmitted on all slots in the FDD system.
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Analysis of Key Technologies (1)

WCDMA
5MHz/3.84Mcps The multipath recognition accuracy is three times of that of cdma2000 The air-interface anti-fading capability is improved. Compared with the chip rate of 1.2288 Mcps, the capacity of WCDMA can increase by 10% in high-speed movement. cdma2000 can also offer the voice and data bearer services. However, twice more RF components are needed compared with the WCDMA.

cdma2000
1.25MHz/1.2288Mcps The number of detached multipaths is less than that of WCDMA. However, the band planning and request

Channel bandwidth/Chip rate

become flexible.

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Analysis of Key Technologies (2)

Provide AMR voice services at eight rates Provide up to 12.2 kbps voice service when the system load is not heavy. Voice coding/decoding Dynamically change the AMR rate when the system load is heavy. The rate can be lowed to 4.75 kbps to serve more subscribers. Allow operators to dynamically adjust the capacity and QoS of the network Provide two variable rate coding schemes: 8Kbps(EVRC) and 13Kbps(QCELP) Not dynamically selected by the network

Generally EVRC is employed

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Analysis of Key Technologies (3)

WCDMA
1500Hz fast power control for inner loop Offer better anti-fading Power control performance and optimized communication quality Increase capacity and coverage area Asynchronous or synchronous (optional) Independent from the GPS and Syn. facilitate the BTS networking The handset consumes 13% more power in the asynchronous mode. Synchronous (GPS) Simplify the handoff and cell-searching processes loop

cdma2000
800Hz fast power control for inner

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Analysis of Key Technologies (4)

WCDMA
Soft handoff /Softer handoff/ Inter-frequency handoff/ GSM-WCDMA handoff

cdma2000
Soft handoff/Softer handoff/Inter-frequency handoff/IS-95-cdma2000 handoff

Introduce compressed mode and do Interrupt the communication with the

Handoff

not interrupt the connection during the measurement of foreign frequency or system. Reduce system.

source carrier and then synchronize and measure on the new carrier.

the

call-drop

rate

of

the The voice quality is not steady. Call-drop may occur.

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Analysis of Key Technologies (5)

Support open-loop TX diversity (including TSTD and STTD) and closed-loop TX diversity

Support open-loop TX diversity (including OTD and STS)

More adaptable to the wireless channel environment

Transmit diversity technology Supported by the terminals In the case of low-speed movement, the closed-loop TX diversity provides higher diversity gain and thus improves the system downlink capacity and coverage area.

Not supported by terminals at present

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Analysis of Smart Antenna

Smart antenna is one of the key enhanced technologies in the 3G system.

Compared with dual-antenna RX/TX diversity, the 4-antenna multibeam handoff can double the system capacity and increase the coverage area by 50%. Employment of smart antenna in constructing a mobile network can save 27% cost per subscriber.
Key technologies supporting the smart antenna Multi-beam switching technology Self-adaptive antenna array technology WCDMA cdma2000

Implemented in the whole coverage Implemented in some hot spots area Dedicated pilot is defined in the Downlink dedicated pilot is not defined. standards. Thus, the implementation of Thus, the implementation of this this technology is easy. technology is difficult.

WCDMA standard can better support the smart antenna technology.

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