Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.

 Ovulation

 Fertilization

 Embryo Formation and Development

 Birth of the Baby

 Urinepregnancy test will often be positive at
the time of the missed menstrual cycle

 BetaHCG produced by the placenta rises to a

peak of 100,000 mIU/mL by 10 weeks

 Confirmed by Ultrasound:
 Gestational Sac at 5 weeks or Beta HCG of 1500
to 2000 mIU/mL an
 Fetal Heart at 6 weeks or Beta HCG of 5000 to
6000 mIU/mL
 Signs
 Chadwick’s Sign
 Bluish discoloration of vagina and cervix
 Goodell’s Sign
 Softening and cyanosis of cervix at or after 4 weeks
 Ladin’s Sign
 Softening of the uterus after 6 weeks
 Breastswelling and tenderness
 Development of the linea nigra from umbilicus to
pubis
 Telangiectasias
 Palmar erythema
 Symptoms
 Amenorrhea
 Nausea and vomiting
 “Morning Sickness” (12-16wks)
 BreastPain
 Quickening – fetal movement
 Gestational age
 Inwks and days measured from Last Menstrual
Period, LMP

 Developmental age
 Inwks and days since fertilization
 GA 2 wks more than DA
 Fertilization usually occurs ~14 days after first
day of the prior menstrual period or LMP

 Expected Date of Confinement, EDC:

 Naegele’s rule (-3m + 7d) from LMP
 Previable(before 24 wks)
 Preterm (24 to 37 wks)
 Term (37 to 42 wks)
 Postterm (beyond 42 wks)

 OB SCORE: (GnPn)
 Gravidity (number of times pregnant)
 Parity (number of pregnancies led to a birth
beyond 20 wks GA or infant weighing >500g)
 Embryo (time of fertilization until 8 wks or
10 wks gestational age, GA)
 Fetus (8 wks until birth)
 Infant (delivery until 1 year of age)

 FirstTrimester (until 14 wks GA)

 Second Trimester (14 to 28 wks GA)
 Third Trimester (28 wks to delivery)
 Back pain
 Constipation
 Contractions
 Dehydration
 Edema
 Gastroesophageal Reflux
 Hemorrhoids
 Urinary Frequency
 Varicose Veins
 Medical
 Preeclampsia, GDM, Hyperthyroidism
 Surgical
 Caesarian Delivery 2’ CPD
 Bleeding
 Ectopic, Abortion, Placenta Previa
 Infectious
 Urinary Tract Infection, Chorioamnionitis
 Death
 Amniotic Fluid Embolism
 Early Pregnancy Complications
 Antepartum Hemorrhage
 Complications of Labor and Delivery
 Fetal Complications of Pregnancy
 Hypertension in Pregnancy
 Diabetes during Pregnancy
 Other Medical Complications
 Postpartum Care and Complications
 High risk
 Unwanted
 Underdeveloped reproductive tract
 Psychological Impact

 When is the ideal time then?

Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.
 Sexually Transmitted Diseases or Sexually
Transmitted Infections
 Are infections that can be transferred from
one person to another through sexual contact
 Adolescents and young adults are the age
groups at the greatest risk for acquiring
 Approximately 19M new infections/year
 Half among ages 15 to 24
 Somehave severe consequences, especially
in women, if not treated

 Lead to pelvic inflammatory disease 

Infertility

 May even be fatal

 Abstinence from sexual activity

 Monogamy

 Useof contraceptive devices, ie condoms

(but only to a certain extent)
 Human Papilloma Virus
 Herpes Virus
 Hepatitis B
 HIV/AIDS
 Syphilis
 Trichomoniasis
 Gonorrhea
 Chlamydia
 Public Lice
 Rare Infections like Chancroid, Granuloma
Inguinale, Molluscum Contagiosum,
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
 Genital Warts (Condylomata acuminata)
 Cervical Cancer in Females
 2ndleading cause of death in the Philippines
 Video Clip
 PenileCancer in Males
 Preventable by Vaccination
 Transmission:
 Sexually
 Bloodborne
 Vertical: Mother to
Child
 Preventable by
Vaccination
 Females: For you, when is the ideal time to
get pregnant? Explain factors to be
considered.
 How can you prevent contracting STDs?

 Males: For you, when is ideal time to

impregnate a woman? Explain factors to be
considered.
 How can you prevent contracting STDs?
 Submision of your reaction paper
 Rosal
– Wed
 Sampaguita – Friday
 Champaca - Friday

 Submission of Quiz on Menstrual Cycle

 Sampaguita – Monday

 Joint classes on Monday

 Sampaguita & Champaca
Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.
 Contraception
 Sterilization

 Theoretical Efficacy Rate

 Actual Efficacy Rate
 Natural Methods – least effective
 Barrier Methods and Spermicides
 Intrauterine Devices
 Hormonal Methods
 Surgical Sterilization

 No Contraceptive or Sterilization Method is

100% Effective (as seen on the Table for
Failure Rates)
 Percent of Women
who Become
Pregnant
Method Theoretica Actual
l Failure Failure
Rate Rate
No method 85.0 85.0
Periodic Abstinence ___ 20.0
Calendar 9.0
Ovulation method 3.0
Symptothermal 2.0
Postovulation 1.0
Withdrawal 4.0 18.0
Condom
Male condom 2.0 12.0
Female condom 6.0 21.0-26.0
Diaphragm with 6.0 18.0
Spermicide
Cervical cap 6.0 18.0
Sponge
Parous women 9.0 28.0
Nulliparous women 6.0 18.0
Spermicide alone 3.0 21.0
IUD’s
Progestasert 2.0 2.0
Paraguard copper T 0.8 0.7
Combination pill 0.1 3.0
Progestin only pill 0.5 3.0-6.0
Norplant 0.09 0.09
Depo-Provera 0.3 0.3

Tubal Ligation 0.2 0.4

Vasectomy 0.1 0.15
 Submision of your reaction paper
 Rosal
– Wed
 Sampaguita – Friday
 Champaca - Friday

 Submission of Quiz on Menstrual Cycle

 Sampaguita – Monday

 Joint classes on Monday

 Sampaguita & Champaca