Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Projects
Session Outline
• Environmental Appraisal – concept
• Environmental Feasibility (Clearance)
– Legal requirements
– Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)
• Key concepts
• Process
• Developing an EIA report
• Assessing quality of EIA report
• Beyond Environmental Feasibility (Clearance)
– Meeting higher standards (green rating, ISO 14000,
LEED certification)
– Eco-preneurship
– Carbon financing
Environmental Appraisal of Projects
• Feasibility Approach
– Whether the proposed project will meet the minimum
environmental standards (legal) of the country?
• Going beyond minimum standard
– Whether it can go beyond minimum standards and
achieve environmental certification such as ISO 14,000
(general) and LEED certification (building/
construction)?
– Whether the project/company can demonstrate
leadership in the field of environmental protection/
augmentation by making it part of its core business?
(ecological entrepreneurship).
Approach to Environmental Feasibility
• Reactive approach (majority)
– EIA carried out with sole purpose of getting
environmental clearance.
• Proactive approach (small minority)
– EIA as a tool to improve planning process
– EIA as an opportunity to internalize externalities and
gain long term benefits:
• Improved cost-effectiveness
• Earn carbon credits
• Recovery of resources from waste streams
• Better and safer work environment
• Less occupational hazards
• Better image as responsible citizen of the country
Environmental Feasibility:
Legal Requirements and Procedures
EIA Notifications
EIA Process
Legal Requirements
• 27th Jan 1994 Notification of MoEF, GoI under the Environmental
(Protection) Act 1986 – making environmental clearance
mandatory for expansion/ modernisation of any activity or setting
up new projects listed under Schedule 1(29 industries)
• 12 minor Amendments between 1994 to 2006
• 14th Sept. 2006 Notification in supersession of earlier notification
of 1994.
• 2007 – Notifications to constitute various state level Environment
Impact Assessment authorities.
EIA Notification (1994)
• 29 industries will need environmental clearance from MoF,
GoI.
• For expansion or new ventures with investment > Rs. 50
crores
• MoEF to act as Impact Assessment Agency (IAA)
– can appoint an expert committee if needed
– May organise public hearing if needed
• Assessment within 90 daysof receiving documents or public
hearing
• Validity of clearance for 5 years
• Site clearance in case of a few industries like mining etc.
needed before project preparation
Amendments to 1994 Notification
Global Temperature
4
massive impacts to humans
Loss of Greenland ice sheet
(°C)
3
Large biodiversity loss;
coral reefs disappear 2
0.5
0
(°C)
0
-0.5 Source:
Developmental
Alternatives
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Why Carbon Trading?
Why Carbon Trading?
What is CDM?
Developed
Country
Emissions to
Total GHG Emissions
Developing
be reduced Country
Carb
on C
Tons
of C redit
O2 e
mis
s
ssion
redu
ced/
avoi
ded Source: Developmental Alternatives
Carbon Trading
39 Developed Countries and Economies in
transition:
• Agreed to “differentiated” and binding emission limitations
• Reduction of greenhouse gases by 5.2 % below 1990 levels in
the commitment period 2008-2012