Infectious Diseases

Many illnesses are caused by living things that are too small to see without a microscope. Organisms that cause disease are called pathogens. Diseases caused by pathogens are called infectious diseases. An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the presence of a living thing within the body.

Disease Spreading Agents

Viruses
Not a living cell; can only reproduce in living cells (you)

Bacteria
One-celled organism that damages body cells directly or by releasing toxins

Protists
Enter through direct contact with contaminated food, water, or a carrier (mosquito)

Fungi
Grows in warm moist environments

AIDS, Colds, Flu

Strep Throat

Malaria

Athletes Foot; Ring Worm

How do they spread?

Pathogens can spread through
Person to person Contaminated object Animal Bite The environment

The immune system will identify and then attack the invading pathogen!

Bacteria

Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms. Some bacterial pathogens damage body cells directly. Strep throat, for example, is caused by a bacterium that invades cells in your throat. Strep throat is a contagious disease caused by bacterial infection. Symptoms include fever, pain, redness, and swelling of the throat and tonsils. Strep throat may produce mild or severe symptoms.

Viruses
Viruses are tiny particles, much smaller than bacteria. Viruses cannot reproduce unless they are inside living cells. When viruses infect cells, cells are damaged or destroyed in the process. The damaged cells release new viruses to infect other cells. Viral infections can not be treated with typical antibiotics.
Colds are an example of a viral infection of the respiratory system. The cold virus attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing the common effects of the cold (sore throat, runny nose, fever).

Viruses Continued
Influenza, or the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory system. Influenza typically causes fever, muscles aches, and a more severe cough than the common cold and usually lasts longer.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks the cells in the immune system making the organism unable to fight off other pathogens that may attack the body.

Protist and Fungi

Athletes foot is caused by a fungus. The fungus that causes athletes foot is usually contracted from public environments and then grows in the warm and moist environment usually between the toes, and can be difficult to treat. The tropical disease malaria is caused by a protists that is carried by a mosquito.

Noninfectious/Genetic Disorders
Noninfectious diseases are diseases that are not caused by pathogens in the body. They are not spread from organism to organism. These diseases are caused by malfunctions in body systems that are either inherited or caused by environmental factors. Cardiovascular disease, Asthma, Diabetes, Parkinsons disease, and Cancer are examples of noninfectious diseases.

Diabetes
A disease that results in the glucose (sugar) level of the blood being higher/lower than the normal range. It is caused by a persons inability to either produce or use properly a natural chemical produced in the body called insulin. The higher level of blood sugar results in many disorders of the body, for example an increase in problems with circulation of blood. Diabetes can lead to kidney disease or heart disease or cause vision problems.

Parkinsons
A disease of the nervous system that occurs when certain nerve cells in the brain stop functioning properly, affecting the muscular system. The major symptoms are severe shaking (tremors) and disabilities involving movement. At present, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.

Skin Cancer
A disease in which skin cells found in the outer layers of the skin becomes damaged. Factors that can lead to skin cancer are damaging ultraviolet rays (UV) from the Sun or tanning beds and heredity.

Asthma
Asthma is a disease that affects the lungs and the airways that deliver air to the lungs. It causes periodic attacks of wheezing and difficult breathing. An asthma attack occurs when the airways become inflamed in response to a stimulus, such as dust, mold, pets, exercise, or cold weather. However, some attacks start for no apparent reason.

Review:
Identify as either infectious or noninfectious.

Parkinsons Cold AIDS Diabetes Athletes Foot Flu Skin Cancer Strep throat Asthma

If the disease is infectious, name the pathogen that causes the disease.

Teaching Presentation Reminders

Make sure you have practiced! Dont just read off of board Rotate around the room 3-5 time limit Make your lesson interesting! Be knowledgeable of your disease! Double check your powerpoint in the library before you present on Tuesday. Eye contact, Volume, Professional Posture Bring in Packet!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Bonus (dress up)

Cause and Effect

Cold Flu Athletes Foot Aids Strep Throat Diabetes Parkinsons Skin Cancer Asthma