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INTRODUCTION
Japanese gardens are traditional gardens that create miniature idealized landscapes, often in a highly abstract and stylized way. Japanese gardens were developed under the influences of the Chinese gardens; gradually Japanese garden designers began to develop their own aesthetics. The garden design in Japan is strongly connected to the philosophy and religion of the country and the garden is an important part of Japanese culture. Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism were used in the creation of different garden styles in order to bring a spiritual sense to the gardens and make them places where people could spend their time in a peaceful way and meditate.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Nature..one can idealize it, even symbolize it, but one must never create something that nature itself cannot.
Reduced scale. The views seen in nature are depicted at a more intimate scale. Mountains become hills; rivers become streams.
Symbolization. Representing larger natural features with smaller symbols. The most famous example of this is the use of gravel or coarse sand to represent the ocean
Borrowed views.
Mountain, forest and oceans views can be carefully "framed" by grading, ornaments or tree plantings.
Enclosure. An important
theme in Japanese garden design is that the garden represents an oasis or refuge from everyday life.
STONES
Stones used are not quarried by the hand of man, but of stones shaped by nature only. According to Japanese tradition the stones are always positioned in odd numbers. A stone lantern is a must and meant to carry innate symbolism of contrasting elements such as the yin and yang.
WATER
Water is an important element in a Japanese garden. It symbolises purity. Can be symbolized through many different mediums such as raked gravel. One of the most awe inspiring uses of water is by creating waterfalls, it creates an ambiance of serenity in a Japanese garden.
ESSENTIAL ASPECTS
The line between garden and its surrounding landscape is not distinct. Gardens incorporate natural and artificial elements and thus, fuse the elements of nature and architecture. In the Japanese garden, the viewer should consider nature as a picture frame into which the garden, or the man- made work of art, is inserted.
OTHERS.
COURTYARD GARDENS
TSUBO NIWA
STROLLING GARDENS
KAIYU SHIKIEN TSUKIYAMA
CASE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Kiyosumi Gardens is a traditional Japanese stroll garden. It was constructed along classic principles in 1878-85, during the Meiji Period. By subtle hints in path construction and placement the visitor is led on a walk around the lake. Water-worn boulders were brought in from all over Japan, to give the garden its character; hills and dry waterfalls were constructed with them and two sequences of them form stepping-stones across small inlets of the lake, which almost completely fills the garden, allowing a pathway of many picturesque episodes around its perimeter. There are three big islands and a teahouse on the pond. The garden covers an area of about 81,000 square metres.
SENSUI.The landscape In the large pond ,there are three islands and the buildings reflect tea ceremony space architecture. The highpoint of this garden is the reflections of birds and trees that can be seen in the pond.
ISO-WATARI When crossing the pond using one of these stepping stone pathways, one can view the fish in the pond and enjoy the changing reflections of the trees and greenery of the garden.
MEISEKIStones The total number of stones used is immense and the garden can indeed be perceived as a stone garden.
FUJI-SAN. The highest and largest artificial hill in the garden. The entire hill is covered with azaleas.
RYOUTEIThe Teahouse This building heightens the beauty of the Japanese gardens.
STONE LANTERNS..
FENCES
Iris
Taiwan Cherry
Purple Azalea
Maple Trees
ROCKFALL
STONE BRIDGE
THE POND
DESIGN FEATURES..
The teahouse is located such that it can be viewed from all parts of the garden along with its mesmerizing reflection in the pond. Stone, an important element of japanese gardens has been collected and set throughout the garden in a very skillful way. Natural scenes are depicted in the landscape some of which are: The pond representing a larger lake The rockfall depicting a waterfall The fuji-san representing a mountain Its location near the river and the bay attracts a large number of birds which adds to the gardens natural beauty. Ponds are the centre of attractions in a Japanese garden. The pond in kiyosumi garden is centrally placed on site and its beauty and reflections of the garden ,birds and sky can be seen from every part of the garden.
REFERENCE
Japan-guide.com Flicker Travelling cam- Japan gardens Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Tokyo metropolitan park association The Japanese garden- symbolism and aesthetics Japan fact sheet- web Japan
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