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Introduction
Changes of aging are highly individualized Changes are also different in various body systems of the individual Changes influenced by: Genetic factors, environment, diet, health, stress, and lifestyle choices
Question
Which of the normal age-related changes in the respiratory system can increase the risk of infection in the older adult population? a. Decrease in the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest b. Increased strength of the thoracic musculature c. Increase in residual volume and reduction in vital capacity d. Decreased calcification of costal cartilage
Copyright 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
c. Increase in residual volume and reduction in vital capacity
As residual volume increases, the vital capacity is reduced, and maximum breathing capacity decreases placing older adults at high risk for developing respiratory infections
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
Atrophy of the small and large intestine, with fewer cells present on the absorbing surface of the intestinal wall, causes certain vitamins and minerals to have a decreased rate of absorption.
Answer
True.
Absorption of vitamin B, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, and iron is decreased in the intestine of the older adult.
Question
Which of the following is a normal age-related change of the nervous system? a. Decline in the weight of the brain b. Increase in cerebral blood flow c. Stage I and II sleep are interrupted d. Higher nerve conduction velocity
Copyright 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
a. Decline in the weight of the brain
There is a decline in brain weight and a reduction in blood flow to the brain. Stages III and IV sleep become less prominent. Nerve conduction velocity is lower which causes slower reflexes and delayed response to multiple stimuli.
Copyright 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
Mean body temperatures of the older adult range from 96.9F to 98.3F orally.
Answer
True.
Normal body temperatures are lower later in life than in younger years.
Personality remains consistent with that of the earlier years in the absence of disease
Changes in memory
Attention span
Copyright 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins