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2
2
1
( ) ( ) /
Ng
i
F Pgi diPgi eiPgi fi Kg h
=
= + +
1 1
Ng Nb
i i
Pgi Pdi Ploss
= =
= +
1 1
Ng Nb
i i
Qgi Qdi Qloss
= =
= +
min max
Pgi Pgi Pgi s s
min max
Qgi Qgi Qgi s s
Calculation of Transmission loss
The transmission loss is been given by Krons formula
where Pi=Pgi-Pdi and Qi=Qgi-Qdi
where are the load angles at ith an jth buses.
( ) ( )
1 1
Nb Nb
loss ij i j i j ij i j i j
i j
P A PP QQ B Q P PQ
= =
= + +
( ) ( )
1 1
Nb Nb
LOSS IJ I J I J IJ I J I J
I j
Q C P P Q Q D Q P PQ
= =
= + +
cos( )
| || |
ij
ij i j
i j
R
A
V V
o o =
sin( )
| || |
ij
ij i j
i j
R
B
V V
o o =
sin( )
| || |
ij
ij i j
i j
X
D
V V
o o =
cos( )
| || |
ij
ij i j
i j
X
C
V V
o o =
iand j o o
Weighting Method
The dual objective is being converted into single objective
to generate non-inferior solution .
The optimization problem is being converted to scaled
optimization problem
Minimize
Subject to and the equality and
inequality constraints.
where Wk are the level of weighing coefficients,
L denotes the total number of objectives ,so K=1,2,
weighing coefficients vary from 0 to 1.
Non Inferior solution
The concept of non-inferiority is being used to deal
where there are multi objective.
A non-inferior solution is one in which an improvement
in one objective requires a degradation of another.
Formation of Augmented Function
The generalized augmented function is given as:
-
Where and are Lagrange multipliers, is
penalty factor, Newton-Raphson algorithm is
applied to obtain the non inferior solution for the
weight combinations.
p
k
r
Fuzzy Membership Function
(Fi)=
1 ;FiFi
min
(Fi
max
-Fi)/(F
i
max
-Fi
min
) ; Fi
min
FiFi
max
0 ; FiFi
max
Algorithm
Stepwise procedure to compute optimal weights is given
below :
Input the system data consisting of line data, fuel cost and
NOx emission coefficients , limits on active and reactive
power generations and demand etc.
Compute the loss coefficients,Ploss,Qloss.
Find the min and max values of each objective .This is
carried out by giving full weightage to one objective and
neglecting the other.
Simulate weight combinations by varying in a step size of
0.1 ,such that their sum remains one.
Algorithm(contd)
Generate non inferior solutions by solving the
equation of generalized augmented function.
Compute membership functions of the obtained non
inferior solutions.
Perform linear and quadratic regression analysis
between min values of membership functions of the
objectives and simulated weights.Normalize the
calculated weights.
Algorithm(contd)
The best set of decision vector is found by solving the
following problem.
minimize
2
*
1
j j
j
W F
=