Reaction force on Pelton

turbines
Relative reaction force
Absolute reaction force

Relative reaction force
acting on the Pelton runner
The relative reaction force is the force acting
from the jet on a bucket when the runner is
rotating.
This force can be found by the help of Newtons
2. law:
( )
2 1 R R
R R R
w w Q F
dw Q
dt
dm
dw dm
dt
dw
dm a dF
=

= = = =
The relative flow rate is given by:
( ) ( )
1 1
2
s
1 1 1 R
u c
4
d
u c A w A Q
t
= = =
1 1 1
u c w =
( )
1 1 1 2 2 2 u 2
u c w w cos w w = = ~ | =
Further we can find values for the relative velocities
( ) ( ) | |
1 1 1 1 R R
u c u c Q F + =
The relative reaction force becomes:
( )
1 1 R R
u c Q 2 F =
If we use:
2
c
u
1
1
=
( )
2
c
2
c
c u c
1 1
1 1 1
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
Then:
The relative reaction force becomes:
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
c
A
c
w A
c
Q F
R R
= = =
p g H A F
n R
= =
Absolute reaction force
acting on the Pelton runner
The absolute reaction force can be found by
calculating the impulse from the jet.
This force can be found by the help of Newtons
2. law:
( ) | | ( )
2 2 1 A u 2 1 A A
w u c Q c c Q F + = =
For a relative velocity, w
2
= -(c-u)


The absolute reaction force becomes:
( ) ( ) c u 2 w u
2
= +
( ) u c Q 2 F
1 A A
=
Exercise 1
Find F
A
and F
R
for the runner velocity u = 0
For H
n
= 500 m and d
s
= 0,10 m
s m 99 H g 2 w c
n 1 1
= = =
( )
N 153954 99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
c w
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
R
1 1
2
s
1 1 R R
=
H
=

H
= =
( )
N 153954 99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
c
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
A
2
1
2
s
1 1 A A
=
H
=

H
= =
Exercise 2
Find F
A
and F
R
for the runner velocity u = 0,5 c
For H
n
= 500 m and d
s
= 0,10 m
s m 99 H g 2 c
n 1
= =
( )
N 38489
4
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
2
c
w
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
R
1
1
2
s
1 1 R R
=
H
=
|
.
|

\
|

H
= =
( )
N 76977
2
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
2
c
c
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
A
1
1
2
s
1 1 A A
=
H
=
|
.
|

\
|

H
= =
s m 5 , 49
2
c
w
1
1
= =
Exercise 3
Find F
A
and F
R
for the runner velocity u = c
For H
n
= 500 m and d
s
= 0,10 m
s m 99 H g 2 c
n 1
= =
( ) ( )
N 0
4
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
0 0
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
R
2
s
1 1 R R
=
H
=

H
= =
( ) ( )
N 0
2
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
0 c
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
A
1
2
s
1 1 A A
=
H
=

H
= =
0 w
1
=