Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SCOPE
WSHA
Factories Act Mar 2006
Mar 2006
Sep 2006
Greater Industry Ownership of WSH 2. Shift industry mindset from following the letter of the law to taking responsibility of standards and outcomes.
Higher Penalties for Poor Safety Management 3. Penalties must be sufficient to reflect the cost of poor safety management and to deter risk-taking behaviour.
v. A self-employed person;
vi. An occupier of a workplace; vii. A designer, manufacturer or supplier of any machinery, equipment or hazardous substance for use at work;
DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
1. So far as is reasonably practicable, ensure the safety and health of his employees at work persons (not being his employees) who may be affected by any work carried out by him in the workplace 2. Take measures to ensure the safety and health of persons at work include: (a) Provide and maintain a safe & healthy workplace with adequate facilities and
DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
(c) Ensure that those persons are not exposed to hazards arising out of various operations at or near their workplace and under the control of the employer
(d)
(e)
Ensure person at his workplace (employees/non-employees) has adequate instruction, information, training and supervision to carry out his activities safely and without risks of health
DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES
1. To properly use protective clothing, appliances, equipment things provided by their employer 2. 3. To co-operate with employer on OSH matters Not to willfully / recklessly interfere with / misuse any PPE, facilities, and other
ENHANCED PENALTIES
Categories of Offences Individual Corporate Repeated offence causing death - individual - corporate person Max. Fine / Imprisonment $ 200,000 2 Yr or BOTH $ 500,000
Person fails to comply with the remedial order Person fails to comply with the stopwork order
Worker misuse or fails to use any safety appliances
https://www.wshc.sg/wps/portal/bulletinview?action=viewBulletin&bulletinID=BU2010101 815187&ayear=2010&amonth=October&category=&topic=
Shipyard fined S$150,000 for failure to ensure workers' safety By Dylan Loh | Posted: 06 April 2010 2331 hrs
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1048286/1/. html
SINGAPORE : Shipyard Prime Marine has been fined S$150,000 for failure to ensure workers' safety, resulting in deaths. This is a record sum for a shipyard under the Workplace Safety and Health Act.
Regulation 8 - Offence
Provide updates whenever - Risk assessment is revised - Controls or Safe Work Procedures are Changed
REGULATIONS 8 - OFFENCES
Contraventions to the above can cause liabilities Max S$10,000 (First Offence) Max S$20,000 or max 6 months imprisonment or both (Second offence onwards)
RM RESPONSIBILITIES
Employers shall: Form a risk assessment team Endorse and approve the risk assessments conducted Ensure risk control measures are implemented
RM RESPONSIBILITIES
Employers shall: Ensure Safe Work Procedures are developed Inform employees of job risks and safe work procedures (SWP) and ensure they are implemented Set-up a risk assessment register Review and update at least once every three years
RM RESPONSIBILITIES
Employers shall: Participate in the risk assessment Adhere to the safe work procedures Inform supervisors of any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or control measures
RISK ASSESSMENT
A systematic process of: Identifying safety and health hazards in workplaces Estimating the risks involved Prioritizing control measures to mitigate hazards
RISK ASSESSMENT
1
Preparation Work
2
Hazard
3
Risk Evaluation
Identification
6
Record Keeping
5
Implementation & Review
4
Risk Control
PREPARATION WORKS
Collect information:
Identify processes / activities / work areas Research documents - Machine / equipment manuals - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Past accident records - WSH Standards / guidebooks Plant walk through Interviews / Surveys
INTERVIEWS / SURVEYS
Typical questions:
What are the typical injuries or health complaints from the workers? Who have been hurt or are having symptoms?
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
1. Hazard
Anything with potential to cause bodily injury Includes any
Physical Chemical Thermal Mechanical Electrical Ergonomic (E.g. Working at height, falling objects) (E.g. Detergents, cleaning agents) (E.g. Heat) (E.g. Moving vehicles or machines) (E.g. Electrical cables, electric powered equipment) (E.g. Manual Lifting)
2. Hazard Identification The process to identify all situations or events that could cause illness or serious injuries to workers
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Manually lifting too much at one time Standing on chairs Trailing electrical cables Overloaded power sockets
POSSIBLE ACCIDENTS
Back sprain Fractures / sprains / bruises due to falling Fractures / sprains / bruises due to tripping and falling 1. Electrocution 2. Fires
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Uneven carpets / wet floors
POSSIBLE ACCIDENTS
Fractures / sprains / bruises due to tripping and falling
1. Files / materials stacked to high Falling objects crashing onto our heads 2. Old / unstable cupboards and shelves 1. Shredding machines 2. Scissors / staples / pen-knives Hot Beverages Cuts and lacerations Burns and scalding
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Chemicals - Solvents - Glues - Paints Dust, moulds, fungi Bad lighting or glare Bad working postures
POSSIBLE ACCIDENTS
1. Occupational skin disease 2. Fires
Food waste
Infections
RISK EVALUATION
A process to: Estimate risk levels for the identified hazards Determine if the acceptability of the risk levels
RISK EVALUATION
4 Steps: 1. Identify the existing control measures
RISK EVALUATION
Risk is a function of 2 factors: 1. Severity
2. Likelihood
The possibility of accident or ill health occurrence
RISK EVALUATION
Categories of Likelihood
RARE REMOTE OCCASIONAL FREQUENT ALMOST CERTAIN
Not expected but sill people Not likely to occur normally Possible or known to occur Common occurrence Repeating occurrence
RISK EVALUATION
To better estimate the likelihood of an accident or incident, look at: Past incident and accident records Industry practice and experience
RISK EVALUATION
Categories of Severity
NEGLIGIBLE MINOR MODERATE MAJOR CATASTROPHIC
No injury
Injury require medical treatment Ill health leading to disability Serious injuries Life-threatening occupational disease Fatal Multiple major injuries
RISK EVALUATION
Examples of First Aid:
Minor Cuts
Skin Irritation
RISK EVALUATION
Examples of Medical Treatment Cases
Fractures
RISK EVALUATION
Examples of Ill health leading to disabilities
RISK EVALUATION
Examples of Serious injuries / Fatal
Death
RISK EVALUATION
Examples of Life threatening Occupational Diseases
Asbestosis /Silicosis
Liver Cancer
RISK EVALUATION
WSHC Approved CP
5 X 5 Risk Matrix to Assess Risk
Likelihood Severity
Rare (1)
Remote (2)
Occasional (3)
Frequent (4)
5 4
10 8
15 12
20 16
25 20
Moderate (3)
12
15
Minor (2)
10
Negligible (1)
Medium Risk:4-12
RISKS CONTROL
Risk Level High Risk Acceptability of Risk NOT acceptable Recommended Actions Must be reduced to at least Medium Risk Immediate management intervention is required Temporary control measures e.g. administrative controls cannot be used
RISKS CONTROL
Risk Level
Med Risk
Acceptability of Risk
Moderately acceptable
Recommended Actions
Evaluation of the hazards to ensure risk level is reduced to as low as possible Temporary control measures can be used e.g. administrative controls Management attention is required
Low Risk
Acceptable
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
ELIMINATION
SUBSTITUTION
Job with a higher level of risk is substituted with another job with a lower one.
Examples: Replace normal light bulbs with ones that have longer operating life Replace chemical in powder form to chemical in gel or paste form Replace high shelves with low shelves Replace heavy items / furniture with light ones
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Barricades
Enclosures Sensors
ADMISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Control Principles:
To reduce the duration exposure of employees To provide guides in performing jobs or tasks in the safest possible manner
Examples:
Training Safe Work Procedures
Job rotation
Warning signs
TRAINING
Various Training
On the job Orientation Refresher Specific topic (Hazard type) Promotional activities Regulatory required
JOB ROTATION
WARNING SIGNS
WARNING SIGNS
Used when: Engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or insufficient Emergency situations
Safety Shoes
Chemical resistant type
DOCUMENTING YOUR RA
Risk assessment records kept for three (3) years
Records be concise and include: Team members detail Hazards for each work activity
Risk level
Existing and/or additional risk control measures Persons who conducted and approved the assessment Date of assessment
DOCUMENTING YOUR RA
Risk Assessment Form
Department: Process: Process/Activity Location: Original Assessment date: Last review date: Next review date:
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Ref Work Activity Hazard Possible injury/illhealth Existing risk controls S
Approved by
Notes:
REVIEWING YOUR RA
Risk assessment review:
New machines, chemicals or procedures introduced Area of work changes Serious accidents or incidents happen
IN CONCLUSION
1
Preparation
Work
2
Hazard Identification
3
Risk Evaluation
6
Record Keeping
5
Implementatio n & Review
4
Risk Control
Thank You!