LISTRIK STATIS

TUJUAN:
Setelah mempelajari bab ini siswa diharapkan mampu:
1. mendeskripsikan gaya elektrostatis (hukum Coulomb)
pada muatan titik,
2. mengaplikasikan hukum Coulomb dan Gauss untuk
mencari medan listrik pada distribusi muatan kontinu,
3. menentukan potensial listrik oleh distribusi muatan titik
dan kontinu,
4. menentukan beda energi potensial antara dua titik dalam
medan listrik,
5. menjelaskan prinsip kerja kapasitor keping sejajar,
6. menganalisis rangkaian kapasitor yang disusun secara
seri maupun paralel,
7. menentukan energi yang tersimpan di dalam kapasitor
yang bermuatan,
LISTRIK STATIS
Energi Potensial
Listrik
Potensial Listrik
Hukum
Gauss
Muatan Listrik
Negatif Postif
Gaya Coulomb Prinsip Superposisi
Medan Listrik
Memberikan
Pada muatan
lain
jenisnya
Dibagi muatan uji
Dapat
menentukan
Berlaku pada
Sumber dari
Sumber dari
Dibagi muatan uji
KAPASITOR

KAPASITOR
Kapasitor
Variabel
Kapasitor
Elektrolit
Kapasitor
Kertas
Seri
Paralel
Keping
Sejajar
Berisi
Penyekat
Vakum
Kapasitansi
Farad
Jenisnya
Dapat disusun
Bangunan
Dasar
Ruang antar Keping
Satuannya
Besaran Dasarnya
4.1 Interaksi Elektroststis
Listrik statis atau elektrostatis adalah
gejala tentang interaksi muatan listrik
yang tidak bergerak atau tidak bergerak
secara permanen.
4.1.1 Muatan listrik (elektric charge)
Muatan listrik adalah sifat suatu
partikel-partikel dasar seperti elektron
dan proton.
Perhatikan Gambar
Politen bermuatan
listrik
Perspeks bermuatan
listrik
Tarik
menarik

Politen
Bermuatan listrik
Politen
Bermuatan listrik
Tolak
menolak
Muatan listrik terdapat dalam tiap atom

+
+
+
-
-
proton
neutron
Inti atom
elektron
model atom
Muatan dari suatu benda ditentukan oleh
jumlah proton dan elektronnya, yaitu:
Benda tidak bermuatan (netral), yaitu jumlah
proton sama dengan jumlah elektron.
Benda bermuatan positif, yaitu jumlah proton
lebih besar dari pada jumlah elektron.
Benda bermuatan negatif, yaitu jumlah
proton lebih kecil dari pada jumlah elektron.
Tabel 4.1
Partikel Muatan (C) Massa (kg)
Elektron (e) -1,6022 x 10
-19
9,10940 x 10
-31
Proton (p) +1,6022 x 10
-19
1,67262 x 10
-27
Neutron (n) 0 1,67493 x 10
-27
4.2 Hukum Coulomb
Secara matematis dirumuskan:

2
2 1
r
q q
k F =
where:
F = Coulomb force (N)
q
1
= charge of object 1 (C)
q
2
= charge of object 2 (C)
k = constant
= 9 x 10
9
Nm
2
/C
2
Because:





then:






where:
c
0
= air (vakum)
permittivity
= 8,85x10
-12
C
2
/Nm
2
0
4
1
tc
= k
2
2 1
0
4
1
r
q q
F
tc
=
The value of k and c
0
above
only valid if the interaction
of electric charges occurs in
air (vacuum), but if the
interaction occurs in other
material, then the value of
material permittivity (c) is not
equal to c
0
= 8,85x10
-12
C
2
/Nm
2
.
In the case, the value of
material permittivity usually
expressed in the relative
permittivity to the vacuum,
therefore:











Where:
c
r
= material
permittivity relative
to the vacuum

0
c
c
c =
r
then:

v
r
m
r r v
m
v
m
F F
F
F
r
q q
r
q q
F
F
c
c c c
c
c
c
tc
tc
1
1
4
1
4
1
0
0
0
2
2 1
0
2
2 1
=
= =
= =
Two charges ech of 20 C and 24 C are
separated 12 cm, calculate the repulsion force
on the charges if:
a. both charges are placed in air
b. both charges are placed in a subtance
with c
r
= 5

Solution :
a. both charges in air (k = 9 x 10
9
Nm
2
/C
2

because:
q
1
= 20 C = 20 x 10
-6
C
q
2
= 24 C = 24 x 10
-6
C
r = 12 cm = 12 x 10
-2
m
then:

( )( )
( )
N F
x
x x
x F
r
q q
k F
300
10 12
10 24 10 20
10 9
2
2
6 6
9
2
2 1
=
=
=

b. both charges placed in substance (c
r
= 5)


N F
F
F F
m
m
v
r
m
60
300
5
1
1
=
=
=
c

At corner points of an equilateral triangle ABC
are placed the charges each of q
A
= +20C, q
B

= - 40 C and q
C
= - 40 C, as shown in the
following figure. If r = 8 cm, determine the
force that exerts upon the charge q
A
!

q
A
q
B
q
C
At the corner points
of square ABCD are
placed the charges
consecutively +q, -
q, -q, and q. The
side length of
square is s and the
charge +q
experiences the
force of
determine:
a. Medium where the
charges exist
b. The value of n
c. Force upon the
charge of +q if q =
30 C and s = 5 cm
2
0
2
4 r
n q
tc
A particle charged +5 C is placed on a
connector line and between two charged
particle of -9 C and -4 C that separated 0,5
m. Determine the position of particle +5 C
so that is not undergo the Coulombs force
from the two other charges.

-9 C
+5 C -4 C
4.3 The Definition of Electric Field
(Pengertian Medan listrik)
If a charge (Q) is placed at a certain region,
then the charge (Q) has electric field. In this
case, the electric field is defined as the
region around the electrically charged object
(Q) where the other electrically charged
object (q) is still experience the electric force
(Coulombs force) if it is placed in the region.
Characteristic of electric field direction in
positive and negative charges

+Q
q
-Q
q
Ellectric field lines in the interaction among
charges
(Garis medan listrik pada interaksi antar muatan)

+
-
+
+
The electric field lines produced by the
electric charge comply the following
rules:
a. Electric field lines never cross each other
b. Electric field lines always directed radial
outward from positive charge and enter
toward negative charge.
c. The closer the electric field lines at any
location then the stronger the field on
that location and vice versa.
4.3.1 Electric Field Strength (kuat medan listrik)
The electric field strength is defined as the
electric force that exerts upon the experiment
charge per unit charge.
The electric field strength of a charge (Q)
when an experiment charge (q) is placed at
distance of r from that charge can be
determined by the equation as follow:





because


Then:




Where:
E = electric field
strength (N/C)

2
2
r
Q
k
q
r
Qq
k
q
F
E = = =
0
4
1
tc
= k
2
0
4
1
r
Q
E
tc
=
The equation is
valid if the charge is
placed in air
(vacuum), but if the
charge is not placed
in air, then hold the
following equation:

Because:
c
r
= c/c
0
or c = c
r
c
0
,
then:


2
4 r
Q
E
tc
=
v
r
r
E E
r
Q
E
c
c tc
1
4
1
2
0
=
=
Characteristic of elektric force direction
in positive and negative charges
E
E
E
F
F
+
-
P
e
Because electric field is a vektor
quantity, then the electric field strength
at any point produced by some charges
is the vector resultan of electric field
strength of each charge.
E
1
E
2
E
tot
P
+
-
o
o cos 2
2 1
2
2
2
1
E E E E E
tot
+ + =
Sample Problem
What is the electric field strength at 0,5
mm from a charge of + 2 C ?

At corner points of B and D of square
ABCD are placed a charged particle of
+q. Determine the charge of particle
that must be located at point C so that
the electric field at A is zero.
4.3.2 Gausss Law (Hukum Gauss)
Gausss Law is anoter from of Coulombs law
that can be used to calculate the electric field
strength in several simple configurations of
object.
Electric Flux (Fluks Listrik)
Electric Flux defined as the number of
electric field lines that pierce a closed
surface, that mathematically expressed by
the following equation:

u = E.A cos
Where:
u = electric flux
(N/Cm
2
or

Weber)
E = electric field strength
(N/C)
A = the surface area
(m
2
)
= the angle between E
with the normal line
of the plane


A
E

N
If electric field pierces
the plane surface
perpendicularly, then E
is paralel with the
normal line of plane ( =
0) so that the electric
flux has maximum
value, that is according
to the following
equation:
u = E.A cos 0
u= E.A
But if electric field
comes to the plane in
paralel direction with
the plane, then E is
perpendicular with the
normal line of the plane
( = 90
o
), so that the
electric flux has
minimum value, that is
according to the
following equation:
u = E.A cos 90
o

u = 0

The Statement of Gausss Law
( Pernyataan Hukum Gauss)
According to Gauss The number of the
electric field lines that penetrate a closed
surface is propotional with the amuont of
electric charge covered by the closed
surface. The Gauss statement is then know
as Gausss Law that is mathematically
expressed by the equation as follow:




where:
u = electric flux (Wb)
E = electric field strenght (N/C)
A = closed surface area (m
2
)
= angle between E and normal line of the plane
Q = the charge wrapped by the closed surface
c
o
= air (vacuum) permittivity


0
cos .
c
u |
Q
A E = =
Elecric Field Strength
by Point Charge
(Kuat Medan Listrik
oleh Muatan Titik)
In point charge, the
closed surface covering
the charge (Gaussan
surface) is a sphere.
Thus the area of the
surface is 4tr
2
, so the
Gausss Law equation
can be expressed as
follows:






Where:
r = distance of the
location to point
charge (m)
o
Q
r E
c
t =
2
4 .
Electric Field Strength by the Charged
Conductor Ball (Kuat medan Listrik
oleh Bola Konduktor Bermuatan)

r < R
r > R
r = R
+
+
+
+ +
+
For region inside the
conductor ball (r < R),
because the electric
charges in the
conductor ball are
distributed in the
surface, then the
amount of the charge
(Q) wrapped by
Gaussian surface (4tr
2
)
is zero. Therefore, the
electric field strength
inside the conductor
ball is equal to zero ( E
= 0).

For region on the
surface of conductor
ball, the electric field
strength can be
determined as follows:

( )
o
Q
r E
c
t =
2
4
Because in the ball
surface r = R and Q
= the charges
wrapped by
Gaussian surface
(4tr
2
=4tR
2
), then the
above eqaution can
be written as
follows:






where:
R = radius of the ball
(m)
( )
2
2
2
4
1
4
4
R
Q
k E
k
R
Q
E
Q
r E
o o
o
=
= =
=
tc c t
c
t
By defining the quantity
of charge density (o) on
the ball surface as the
sum of charges (Q) per
unit area (A), then the
electric field strength
on the ball surface can
also be determined as
follows:






Where:
o = Q/A = Q/4tR
2
= charge density
(C/m
2
)
o
E
c
o
=
Meanwhile, of region outside the conductor ball (r >
R), the electric field strength can be determined as
follows:





where:
r = distance of the point to the ball center (m)

( )
2 2
2
4
4
r
Q
k
r
Q
E
Q
r E
o
o
= =
=
tc
c
t
Sample Problem
A spherical conductor has radius 15 cm and
charged 30 C with uniform distribution of
charges in the surface, determine:
a. The charge density in the ball surface
b. The electric field strength at 5 cm from the
center of the ball
c. The electric field strength in the surface
d. The electric field strength at 18 cm from the
center of ball
Solution:
a. Charge density (o)



because Q = 30 C =
30 x 10
-6
C, and R = 15
cm = 15 x 10
-2
m, then:







Thus, the charge
density is 1,06 x 10
-4

C/m
2
2
4 R
Q
A
Q
t
o = =
( )( )
2
4
2
2
6
10 06 , 1
10 15 14 , 3 4
10 30
m
C
x
x
x

=
=
o
o
b. The electric field
strength (r = 5 cm)
Because r = 5 cm < R =
15 cm, then that region
is inside the ball, so
that E = 0
c. The electric field
strength on the
surface (r=R=15 cm)



because:
k = 9 x 10
9
Nm
2
/C
2
R = 15 cm = 15 x 10
-2
m
Q = 30 x 10
-6
C
then:
2
R
Q
k E =





Thus, the electric field
strength on the surface
is 12 x 10
6
N/C
d. The electric field
strength outside the
ball (r = 18 cm)







( )
C N x E
x
x
x E
/ 10 12
10 15
10 30
10 9
6
2
2
6
9
=
=

( )
C N x E
x
x
x E
r
Q
k E
/ 10 33 , 8
10 18
10 30
10 9
6
2
6
6
9
2
=
=
=

Electric Field Strength by Large Plate with

Uniform Charge Density (kuat medan listrik
oleh sebuah pelat luas dengan rapat muatan
merata)
Look at the figure of a plate below that is
assumed has infinite area and charge density
of o !
Large changed plate Based on the figure
above , shown that
electric field strength
(E) pases through both
sides of the surface, so
that the Gausss Law
equation becomes:

E E
plate
o
( )
o
Q
A E
c
= 2
By using the definition of charge density o =
Q/A, then:

( )
0
0
2
2
c
o
c
o
=
=
E
A
A E
Electric Field Strength between Parallel
Charged Plates (kuat medan listrik diantara
dua pelat sejajar bermuatan)
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
E = 0
E = 0
0
c
o
= E
Electric Field Strength by Infinite Line Charge
(kuat medan listrik oleh muatan garis tak
hingga)
Look at the following figure !

+ + +
+
L
The Gaussian surface
that covers a line
charge is the cylinder
cover, so that, the area
is 2trL. Thus, that the
electric field strength
at r from the line charge
can be determine using
the Gausss Law as
follows:


( )
0
0
2
c
t
c
Q
rL E
Q
EA
=
=
With the assumption that the line charge
distribution complis the relationship of Q = L,
then :





in the case, is the charge per unit length

( )
0
0
2
2
c t

t
r
E
L
rL E
=
=
4.4 Electric Potential and
Electric Potential Energy
(Potensial Listrik dan Energi
Potensial)
4.4.1 Electric Potential
In this case, electric
potential is defined as the
change of potential energy
per unit charge when an
experiment charged is
moved between two points.
Mathematically, electric
potential can be
determined by the following
equation:

r
Q
k
q
W
V = =
Where:
V = electric potential
at a certain poit (volt)
W= work or the change of
electric potential energy (J)
r = point distance to charge
of Q (m)
If there are several
point charges, then:

P
q
1
q
2
q
3
q
4
q
5

=
=
n
i
i
i
r
Q
k V
1
4.4.2 Electric Potensial Energy
(Energi Potensial Listrik)

If an experiment charge (q)
is placed in the electric
field of source charge (Q),
then the experiment charge
(q) has the potential energy
that can be determined as
follows:





where:
E
p
= potential energy (J)
q = experiment charge
(C)
V = potential at point
where the charge
locates (volt)
r
Qq
k qV E
p
= =
If an experiment
charge (q) in the
electric field of a
source charge (Q) is
moved from A to
position B as shown in
the fegure below, then
the value of work
required is equal to
the change of
potential energi (AE
p
)
Work to move a
charge in an electric
field
r
A
-Q
q q
F
A
F
B
r
B
From the figure above can be
determined the following equation:

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
=
A =
A B
AB
A B
AB
pA pB AB
p AB
r r
kQq W
r
Qq
k
r
Qq
k W
E E W
E W
1 1
Because



Then


Where:
AV = potential
difference
between
point A and B
(volt)
V
r
Q
k =
( )
V q W
V V q W
AB
A B AB
A =
=
4.4.3 Equipotential Planes
(Bidang Ekipotensial)
In the relation with electric
potential, there is a term called
equipotential planes, those are,
planes every point on those planes
has the same electric potential. For a
point charge, then the equipotential
plane the of a ball.
Every electric
charge moved in an
equipotential
plane does not
require work, it is
based on the
assumption that in
equipotential
plane V = constant,
therefore:

( )
0 =
=
A =
W
V V q W
V q W
Equipotential planes of point
charge
Positive charge
Negative charge
+
-
4.4.4 Electric Potential by the Charge
Conductor Ball (Potensial Listrik
oleh Bola Konduktor Bermuatan)

Electric potential inside the charged
conductor ball are the same at any point,
therefore the planes inside the conductor
ball is called equipotential planes. The
electric potential inside the charge
conductor ball can be determined by the
equation as follows:







where:
R = radius of the ball
(m)
While the electric
potential outside the ball
can be determined by the
equation as follows:




where:
r = point distance to the
center of ball (m)

R
Q
k V =
r
Q
k V =
Based on the two
above quations, then
the relationship
between electric
potential (V) at a
point and the point
distance to the center
of the charged ball (r)
can be illustrated in
the graph below:
R
Q
k V =
V
R r
r
Q
k V =

4.4.5 Electric Potential Between Two
Charged Parallel Plates
(potensial listrik diantara dua keping
sejajar bermuatan)

Electric potential between two parallel
charged plates can be determined by the
equation as follows:
Where:
E = electric field
strength
between both
plates (N/C)
d = distance of
both plates (m)
d E V . =
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
E
V
d
Because between
the paralel plates



Then :


Where:
c = material
permittivity
between both
plates
0
c
o
= E
d V
c
o
=
4.4.6 Mechanical Energi Conservation
Law ( hukum kekekalan energi
mekanik)

The electrically charged particles in
an electric field have a constant
mechanical energy. Therefore, in this
case holds the following equation:




Where:
q = particle charge ( C )
V = electric potential (volt)
m = particle mass (kg)
v = particle speed (m/s)
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
mv qV mv qV + = +
Sample Problem
1. The electric potential at a point that has
distance of r from charge Q is 300 volt.
The electric field strength at that point is
800 N/C.
Determine the amount of charge Q !
2. A conductor ball has diameter of 20 cm
and is charged 100 C. Determine:
a. Electric potential at 5 cm from the center
of the ball
b. Electric potential at 10 cm from the
surface of the ball
3. What is the work required to move the
positive charge of 10 C from one point (V
1

= 10 volt) to another (V
2
= 60 volt) ?
4. The potential difference between two
parallel plates with equal and opposite
charges is 400 volt within an empty
cylinder. If the electrons from the
negative plate are accelarated toword
positive plate with v
0
= 0, then
determine the speed of electrons when
strike the positive plate. (m
e
= 9,11 x 10
-31

kg and e = -1.6 x 10
-19
C)
4.5 Capasitor
Capasitor is an electronik component used
for storing electric charge and electric
energy. In its simple form, capacitor
consists of two metal plates which
separated by a non-conducting layer
called dielectric, as shown in the following
figure.
Simple structure of a capasitor Q
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+Q -Q
E
d
4.4.1 Capacitance of capasitor (Kapasitas
Kapasitor)
When a constant voltage is applied on a
capacitor, then the charge +Q will be stored on
one plate, while the charge Q will be stored on
the opposite plate. In this case, the amount of
electric charge that can be hold(stored) in the
capacitor is called capacitance of capasitor
(symbolized C). Capacitance of capacitor can be
determined by the equation as follows:
Where:
C = capacitance of
capacitor (farads)
Q = electric charge (C)
V = electric voltage
(volt)
V
Q
C =
In the parallel plates capacitor, the
capacitance depends on the arae of the
plates (A) the plates and the distance that
separates both plates (d)
According to Gausss law, the electric field
strength between two plates can be
determined as follows:



Because V = Q/C or C = Q/V, then:


A
Qd
V V d E
A
Q
E
0 0
.
c c
= = =
d
A
C
0
c
=
If a certain dielectric
material immersed
between the two plates of
capacitor, then its
capacitance can be
determined by following
equation:

Where:
c = relative permittivity
of dielectric material
k = c/c
0
=dielectric constant
Because c = k c
0
and

k > 1,
then the dielectric
materials can increase the
capacitance of capacitor

d
A k
d
A
C
0
c
c
= =
Sample Problem
A parallel plates capacitor has the area of each
plate 2 cm
2
and both are separated 0,2 cm. If the
charge at each plate is 4 C and c
o
= 8,85 x 10
-12
C
2
/Nm
2
, determine:

a. capacitance of capacitor if the dielectric
material is immersed between both plates
(k = 4)
b. potential difference between both plates

4.4.2 Electric Energi in Capacitor
(Energi Listrik di dalam Capasitor)
The electric energi stored in a capacitor is
equal to the work required to give charge on
the capacitor. In this case, the energy of
capacitor can be determined by the equation
below:




Where:
W = energy of capacitor (J)
C = capacitance of capacitor (F)
V = voltage (volt)
Q = charge (C)

C
Q
QV CV W
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
= = =
4.4.3 The Use and Types of Capacitor
In the electric circuits or electronic circuits
capacitor is usulally used in:
1. Clutch or connection in amplifier circuits.
2. The filter of high frequency and forward
low frequency.
3. Oscilator in the radio machine circuit.
Basically, capacitor
can be distinguished
into three kinds, those
are : constant,
electrolite and
variable capacitor.
Those capacitors can
be symbolized as
follows:



constant
electrolite
variable
4.4.4 Capacitor Connection
a. Series Capacitor Connection
V
V
1 V
2
+q -q
+q -q


q
1
= q
2
= q

And

V = V
1
+ V
2
Therefore:

2 1
2 1
2 1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
C C C
C
q
C
q
C
q
V V V
C
q
V
V
q
C
C
q
V
V
q
C
C
q
V
V
q
C
s
s
s
s
+ =
+ =
+ =
= =
= =
= =
For n capacitors, then the substitute
capacitance can be determined using the
following equation:

n s
C C C C
1
....
1 1 1
2 1
+ + + =
Sample Problem
Two capacitors 3 F and 5 F are
connected in series and set at a voltege
source of 110 volt. Calculate the energy
stored in that system.
b. Parallel Connection of Capacitors

C
1
V
C
2
q = q
1
+ q
2
V = V
1
= V
2
Therefore:

2 1
2 1
2 1
2 2
2
2
1 1
1
1
C C C
V C V C V C
q q q
V C q
V
q
C
V C q
V
q
C
V C q
V
q
C
P
P
P P
+ =
+ =
+ =
= =
= =
= =
For n capacitors, then the substitute
capacitance can be determined by this
equation:

C
p
= C
1
+ C
2
+.+ C
n
Sample Problem
Two capacitors C
1
= 6 F and C
2
= 3 F are
connected in parallel and set at the voltage
source of 18 V, calculate:
a. Substitute capacitance (C
p
)
b. Charges of q
1
and q
2
c. Voltage V
1
and V
2
1. Dua keping logam sejajar diberi muatan listrik
yang sama besarnya dan berlawanan tanda. Kuat
medan listrik diantara dua keping itu
A. berbanding lurus dengan rapat muatannya
B. berbanding terbalik dengan rapat muatannya
C. berbanding terbalik dengan jarak kuadrat
antara kedua keping
D. berbanding lurus dengan jarak antara kedua
keping
E. arahnya menuju ke keping yang bermuatan
positif
Penyelesaian
kuat medan listrik diantara dua keping :



Jadi E = o
o = rapat muatan persatuan luas
Jawab: A
A
q
E = = o
c
o
0
2. Pada garis yang melalui titik A dan B, terletak
suatu muatan titik. Jarak titik A dan B adalah d
meter. Potensial A (V
A
) dikurang potensial B
(V
B
) adalah - V volt (V
A
< V
B
). Elektron ( massa
m kg dan muatan q coulomb) dilepas di A.
Maka elektron itu
(1) bergerak dengan lintasan lurus
(2) mendapat tambahan energi qV joule
(3) mempunyai besar kecepatan akhir
(4) mempunyai percepatan
m
qV 2
md
qV
Penyelesaian
Gerak elektron dikarenakan
gaya coulomb - maka
geraknya lurus.
Berlaku hukum kekekalan
Energi mekanik
AEk = AEp = q. V joule,
berarti:




Percepatan muatan








Jadi SEMUA jawabanBENAR
Jawab: E


m
qV
v
qV mv
2
2
1
2
=
=
md
qV
m
qE
m
F
a = = =
3. Sebuah elektron ( m = 9,ll x lO
-31
kg, q = -l,6 x lO
-19
C) dilepas
pada medan listrik ( dari titik A ) tanpa kecapatan awal seperti
gambar. maka
E = 3000 N/C




15 cm
(1) percepatannya 5,3.10
14
m/s
2
(2) waktu sampai di B = 2,4. 10
-8
s
(3) kecepatan sampai di B adalah 1,3. 10
7
m/s
(4) beda potensial AB adalali 450 V
Penyelesaian
Percepatan elektron

Waktu sampai di B

( )
s m x a
x
x
a
m
qE
m
F
a
/ 10 3 . 5
10 1 . 9
3000 10 6 . 1
14
31
19
=
=
= =

( )
s x t
x
x
t
a
x
t
v
at t v x
8
14
2
0
2
2
1
0
10 4 , 2
10 3 . 5
10 15 2
2
0

=
=
=
=
+ =
Kecepatan sampai B

Beda potensial antara
A dan B
( )
s m x v
x x v
at v v
B
B
B
/ 10 30 , 1
10 4 , 2 10 3 , 5 0
7
8 14
0
=
+ =
+ =

( )
V V
x V
x E V
AB
AB
AB
450
10 15 3000
.
2
=
=
=

4. Sebuah elektron yang mula- mula rehat,

kemudian bergerak melalui beda
potensial 1500 V. jika massa elektron
9,1 l x lO
-31
kg dan muatannya -l,6 x lO
-19

C, maka energi potensialnya akan turun
sebesar (dalam eV)
A. 16,3 x l0
4
D. 9,ll x l0
2
B. 3,3 x l0
3
E. 6,12 x lO
2
C. 1500
Penyelesaian
( )
eV Ep
eV Ep
eV V e Ep
1500
1500 . 1
.
= A
= A
= A
5. Proton yang bergerak
dari keping A ke B di
bawah ini memperoleh
kecepatan 2 x l0
5
ms
-1
.
Jika antara dua keping
vakum, d = 1 cm, dan
massa proton = 1,6x10
-
27
kg, muatan proton =
1,6x10
-19
C maka beda
potensial keping sejajar
tersebut adalah (dalam
volt)







A. 50
B. 100
C. 200
D. 320
E. 400
+ -
+
d

Hukum kekekalan energi mekanik
memberikan hubungan :
AEp = A Ek
qV = mv
2
l,6.10
19
V = 44 . 1,6.10
27
. (2.10
5
)
2

V = 200 volt
Jawab; C
6. Dua keping penghantar seluas 1 m
2
diletakkan
sejajar satu sama lain pada jarak 20 cm.
Penghantar yang satu diberi potensial +40volt
dan penghantar yang lain -40 volt. Besar gaya
yang dialami sebuah muatan q = 2 x lO
-2
C
yang berada di antara kedua bidang tersebut
(dalam newton) adalah
A. 0 D.8
B. 2 E. 16
C. 4
Penyelesaian

( )
N F
F
d
V
q F
E q F
8
2 , 0
40 40
10 . 2
.
2
=

=
A
=
=