Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12.70% 13.20%
1.50%
30.80%
Containers and packaging Nondurable goods Durable goods Yard trimmings Food scraps Misc inorganic wastes
23.50% 18.30% Two general disposition for MSW: DISPOSAL and RECYCLING
DISPOSAL
INCINERATION
LANDFILL
Reduces volume of waste material by 95% Flue gas issue: to be settled by use of filters and scrubbers Use of heat for productive purposes Minimum feasible capacity: 10 MW
Large hole in ground filled by waste RCRA norms made landfilling expensive by raising capital and operating costs of landfill (EX-4) Resulted in compact landfills with higher tipping fees Produces toxic gases
ADVANTAGES 1. 95% of waste material volume reduced 2. Heat produced can be used to generate electricity 3. 10 MW capacity plants at $50 mn 3. High capacity waste-to-energy plants require huge investments 4. 15-20% potential energy converts to electrical energy
RECYCLING
Recycle in original or another application Anaerobic digestion: organic recycling- similar to composting
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. Very little emission of toxic gases that can be controlled 1. Only 2.5% of food waste was recycled 2. Reusability of items increases 3. Less expensive with better results 2. Capacities of such arrangements are low (1 MW) 4. Anaerobic digestion produces 'biogas': a cheap way to produce energy
Disposal Destination
Transfer Station
Dirty MRF
Accepted and Sorted Recyclable Material Could Process Single or Dual Stream Recyclables
Single Stream- Comingled recyclable material
Dual Stream- SourceSeparated recyclable material
Solid and
Recovered a comparatively smaller portion of incoming waste stream Comparatively Higher Fraction of Recyclables recovered
% Residuals-10% of * MRFs sorted the recyclables into homogeneous material types and weight further sold them to commodity brokers(Paper Brokers, Paper Mills,
Funding from Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Munich Venture Partners) Mission A new path for organic wast- extracting societal waste through the production of renewable energy ad nutrient rich combustible product that create healthy soils
Operations
Market Search
Utility Companies
Supplier Engagement
Technology Vendors
Business Model
Source of Revenues
Primary
Tipping Fee
Secondary
Electricity ($0.06-$0.11 per KWH) and Compost Sale ($20-$22 per Ton) Penewable Energy Credit Premium ($0.02 per KWH)
Capital Cost
$10 Million for Processing Equipment $2 Million for Engine Generator Two Operators @ $40000 Per Year
Therefore to Break Even, company has to accept 3200000 Tonne of waste per Year
Assumptions1. Tipping Fee is Aproxx 40 $/Ton 2. Additional Revenue Source are not considered
In 2008, industry generated $56 billion in revenues from collection, processing and disposal services. CAGR 3.84%
Public Companies Collection Residential collection Commercial Collection Total Collection Processing Transfer MRF Compositing Total Processing Disposal Waste to energy Landfill Operations Total Disposal Total Market 1.14 9.56 $10.70 $33.14 0.68 1.71 $2.39 $9.78 0.99 4.38 $5.37 $12.79 2.81 15.65 $18.46 $55.71 2.45 0.77 0.05 $3.27 0.85 0.5 0.06 $1.41 1.67 0.33 0.05 $2.05 4.97 1.6 0.16 $6.73 11.38 7.79 $19.17 Private 3.56 2.42 $5.98 Municipal 3.2 2.17 $5.37 Total 18.14 12.38 $30.52