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Objectives
Use Newtons Law of Cooling to solve problems
Vocabulary
Initial condition allows the user to find the particular solution from a family of solutions
Temperature Change
An objects temperature over time will approach the temperature of its surroundings (the medium) The greater the difference between the objects temperature and the mediums temperature, the greater the rate of change of the objects temperature This change is a form of exponential decay
T0
Tm
Where T is temperature of the object, k is a proportionality constant, M is the temperature of the surrounding medium and t is time A coroner uses this to help determine the time of death and is seen in every Crime TV series from Dragnet to CSI.
changing back to T, we get T(t) = Tm + (T0 Tm)ekt where k will always be negative (from decay)
dy 2 xy dx
Example
Example: A potato is taken out of a 300o F oven and left to cool in a room at 75o F. Write a differential equation expressing the change in rate of the temperature of the potato, T, with respect to time, t.
dT ---- = k(T M) dt dT ---- = k(300 75) dt
dT ---- = 225k dt
Example cont
Example: A potato is taken out of a 300o F oven and left to cool in a room at 75o F. Write a differential equation expressing the change in rate of the temperature of the potato, T, with respect to time, t.
dT ---- o = k(To Tm) dt
CSI Solution
T(t) = Tm + (To Tm)e kt T(t) is temperature of the body at t hours since death Tm = 72 temperature of the room T0 = 98.6 temperature of the body t would represent the hours since death But we dont know the time of death. We can use the coroner's temperature readings to determine k. T(10:06) = 77.9 T(11:06) = 75.6
T(t=0) = 98.6 T(t, 10:06) = 77.9 = 72 + 26.6e-0.494019t 5.9 = 26.6e-0.494019t t = ln(5.9/26.6) / -0.494019 = 3.048 hours since death so death occurred at about 7 pm.
Homework:
pg 621: 14, 15, 16