TSL 3105 TUTORIAL WEEK 4

FATIN AFYQAH ROSZLAN KEFFENY ANN ANIS WARDAH YUSRI

QUESTION
DISCUSS THE CRITERIA TO USE FOR EVALUATING LISTENING AND SPEAKING

MATERIALS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DEFINITION LISTENING MATERIALS 2. DEFINITION SPEAKING MATERIALS 3. IMPORTANCE OF LISTENING AND SPEAKING MATERIALS IN ESL CLASSROOM. 4. WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA USED FOR EVALUATING L/S MATERIALS. 5. CONCLUSION

DEFINITION
LISTENING MATERIALS
An active, purposeful process of making sense of what we hear. The materials that notice of what somebody says to you so that you follow their advice or believe them The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to a spoken and/ or non-verbal message (International Reading Association)

SPEAKING MATERIALS

To talk to somebody about something Using a certain language to make a speech to an audience or in teaching

TYPES
LISTENING MATERIALS
1. INTENSIVE LISTENING MATERIALS Students listen to cues in certain choral or individual drills. Teacher repeats a word or sentence several times to imprint it in the students mind.

SPEAKING MATERIALS

No specific materials used. Teacher could encourage students to speak by making them participate in class discussion, story telling and role playing. Everyone should be given a chance to speak in the classroom.

IMPORTANCES IN ESL CLASSROOM

LISTENING MATERIALS SPEAKING MATERIALS

Develop fluency and accuracy (depending on objective)

Learn on authentic language in meaningful contexts

Optimize the natural link between listening and speaking (and other skills)

Give students the opportunity to initiate oral

communication. Develop speaking and listening strategies. (examples)

CRITERIAS TO USE FOR EVALUATING L/S MATERIALS

1) AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

DEFINITION
-Arrows a stretch of real language, produced by a real speaker or writer for a real audience and designed to carry a real message of some sort.(1977:13) -Harmer (1983:146) says that authentic texts (either written or spoken) are those which are designed for native speakers: They are real text designed not for language students, but for the speakers of the language in question. -Nunan (1989:54) thinks that a rule of thumb for authenticity here is any material which has not been specifically produced for the purposes of language teaching.

In other word they are real language; produced for the native speakers; designed without the teaching purposes. In this sense, there are a large amount of authentic materials in our life such as newspaper and magazine articles, TV and radio broadcast, daily conversations, meetings, documents, speech, and films.

ADVANTAGES OF USING AUTHENTIC LISTENING MATERIALS

STIMULATING STUDENTS MOTIVATION

Authentic listening materials, especially the current popular ones such as clips from media always dealing with topics that are familiar to students and relevant to their personal experience, hence, have been found appealing. Introducing and utilizing natural materials can be a very meaningful experience for students and can capture the interest and stimulate the imagination of students. So students will be more motivated to learn. (Ma, 2005)

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING AUTHENTIC LISTENING MATERIALS

Learners language proficiency level and the linguistic demands of the listening text Teachers need to bear the following questions in mind: Is the critical vocabulary in the recording (words central to an understanding of a topic) likely to be familiar to the listener? To what extent does the task rely upon the ability to decode the linguistic content? To what extent can the task be achieved without a full understanding of the linguistic content?

LEARNERS INTEREST AND THE INTRINSIC INTEREST OF THE TOPIC

its necessary for teachers to know students likes and dislikes on listening materials and its wise for them to make a survey among students before the selection. For example, the teacher gives each student a form of survey.

Cultural appropriateness
If there is any cultural specific content in the recording,, the teachers should consider whether they can reduce its comprehensibility to the listeners from other cultural backgrounds or whether it can potentially cause cultural offence.

Exploitability
Can you design any learning tasks based on the text to ensure the learners comprehension? There are other factors need to be considered: the information density, the accent, the speed of the speaker, the relevance of the listening material to the syllabus and the students etc.

MAIN CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SPEAKING MATERIALS

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

WHAT ARE AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

 Nunan (1999) defines authentic materials as spoken or written language that has been produced in the course of genuine communication.
He encourages his students to bring into the classroom their own samples of authentic language data from real-world contexts outside of the classroom.

Advantages of using Authentic materials

1. According to Brinton (1991), authentic materials and media can reinforce and encourage direct relationship between the language classroom and the outside world. This enables them to have a fluent conversation outside the classroom. 2. They can learn without having any pressure because authentic method is only used to improve the communicative aspects, not to make students become a perfect speaker.

COMPARISON BETWEEN AUTHENTIC AND NON AUTHENTIC MATERIAL

 Language data They are specially produced for real life designed for learning communication purposes. purposes. The language used in They may contain false them is artificial. They starts, and incomplete contain well formed sentences. sentences all the time. They are useful for They are useful for improving the teaching grammar. communicative aspects of the language.

Authentic Materials

Non-Authentic Materials

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

Suitability
The materials or conversation between the students should be suitable according to their age and proficiency level. The teacher should not ask a year one student to have a discussion about politics or economics among their friends. This is

inappropriate!

Interest
It is important for teachers to choose topics that interests students the most so that they would feel enjoyed to participate in the speaking session.

Difficult and boring topic would

withdraw students from the

discussion as they would not know what to say (LOST).

SPEAKERS
1. Number of speakers
[the more speaker are there the more harder the listener to understand] might make the listener confuse It is hard to deal with changes of turns etc

2. Variety of English

** easier if to follow monologue rather than dialogue (forum etc)

THANK YOU