DON KING EVANGELISTA PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- MANILA BS CHEMISTRY FOR TEACHERS

OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION
Two general types of bonds Intermolecular Bonds Ion-dipole Dipole-dipole Hydrogen bonds Ion-induced dipole Dipole-induced dipole Dispersion/London/van der Waals Biochemical Application and Importance of IMFA

TWO GENERAL TYPES OF BONDS

Intramolecular Bonds
Intermolecular Bonds

INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS

Reference: Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, Martin Silberberg

INTERMOLECULAR BONDS

ION-DIPOLE INTERACTION
When an ion and a nearby polar molecule (dipole) attract each other, an ion- dipole force results. C:\Users\teacher\Desktop\Chemistry Simulations\soluble-salts_en.jar

HYDROGEN BOND
A special type of dipole-dipole force arises between molecules that have an H atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with lone electron pairs.

EXERCISE:
Which among these three molecules will have the possibility of H-bonding? A. C2H6
B. C. CH3OH CH3CONH2

H-Bonding is very important in Biological Molecules especially in the three major biopolymers proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.

AMINO ACIDS
Building blocks of proteins.

Structural Hierarchy of Protein Organization SEQUENCE STRUCTURE FUNCTION

ALPHA-HELIX (SECONDARY STRUCTURE)

BETA-PLEATED SHEETS (SECONDARY STRUCTURE)

TERTIARY STRUCTURE STABILIZATION

NUCLEIC ACIDS

CARBOHYDRATES (POLYSACCHARIDES)

CELLULOSE (B-1,4-GLUCOSE LINKAGE)

DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES
When polar molecules lie near one another, as in liquids and solids, their partial charges act as tiny electric fields that orient them and give rise to dipole-dipole forces: the positive pole of one molecule attracts the negative pole of another.

For molecular compounds of approximately the same size and molar mass, the greater

the dipole moment, the greater the dipole-dipole forces between the molecules are, and so the more energy it takes to separate them.

ION-INDUCED DIPOLE

-An ions charge distorts the electron cloud of a nearby nonpolar molecule. -Example: Fe(2+) ion in hemoglobin and O2 in the bloodstream.

DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE -Arise when a polar molecule distorts the electron cloud of a nearby non-polar molecule.

LONDON/VAN DER WAALS/ DISPERSION FORCES

-Primary responsible for the condensed states of non-polar substances. -Caused by momentarily oscillations of electron charges in the atom, and therefore, present in all particles. -Instant dipoles -The most dominant IMFA.