Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Wireless Technologies
Objectives
At the end of this module, the trainee should be able to: Define wireless technology Define basic terms like : cell, frequency reuse, handover, Access scheme Explain the network components in GSM network Draw flows for key GSM procedures like Location Update Originating Call Terminating Call
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What is Wireless network? Communication between two network elements via a radio interface.
Access Network Switc h
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Time
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Time
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Frequency
Time
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Categorization of Cells
Depending upon cell size, the cell is given a specific name:
Large cell: 10 - 35 KM
In rural areas, coverage is key
Small Cell: 1 - 3 KM
In urban areas, capacity is key
Pico Cell: 10 - 30 M
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Handover When a mobile moves into a different cell while a conversation is in progress, the call is transferred to new cell
Roaming
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Handover
BTS BTS BSC MSC/VLR BSC BTS
MSC/VLR BSC
BTS
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Type Of Handover
Intra Cell Handover :- Handover from one channel/timeslot to another within same cell
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Roaming
Network A
Network B
When subscriber of network A moves to another geographical area and receives services from another network B
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Wireless Networks Started with First Generation Networks ( Early1980s ) No or minimum standardization. Analog Deployed and used within regional boundaries Evolved to Second Generation Networks Standards defined. Digital Roaming across network boundaries possible. GSM: one of the most prevalent standard for 2G mobile networks
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Advantages
Wireless Network Advantages:
Provides Mobility Easy installation. No cabling required.
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Supplementary services
Call barring ,call forwarding etc
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MS BTS
VLR
GMSC
BTS
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Mobile Station
SIM Mobile Equipment
Access Network
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) BSC (Base Station Controller)
Core Network
Home Location Register (HLR) Authentication Center (AuC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Short Message Service Center (SM-SC) Mobile Switching Center (MSC)/Visitor Location Register (VLR) Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC)
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Mobile Station
Comprises of two separate units, viz. SIM and ME. The Structure provides terminal mobility. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM): Belongs to the operator (e.g. Bharti, Hutch).
Contains the permanent data of subscriber (e.g. IMSI).
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The contents here are for Aricent internal training purposes only and do not carry any commercial value
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The contents here are for Aricent internal training purposes only and do not carry any commercial value
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Includes
Home Location Register (HLR) Authentication Center (AuC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Short Message Service Center (SMSC) Mobile Switching Center (MSC)/Visitor Location Register (VLR) Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC)
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At the center of all AuC functions is a secret key that is shared between the AuC and the SIM of the UE.
This secret key facilitates roaming of a subscriber because even in a visited network, the MSC/VLR can authenticate the user by obtaining security information from AuC.
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MSC performs all functions necessary to handle the circuit switched services to and from the MS. It is customary to represent VLR and MSC as MSC/VLR.
They are generally integrated.
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LA3
LA4
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Description Permanent identity that uniquely identifies a subscriber. Service identity that is used for communication with a subscriber. Temporary identity that is used to hide the permanent identity IMSI of a subscriber. Temporary identity that is allocated by VLR and is used to route calls directed to a MS. Permanent identity that uniquely identifies an MS.
Composition MCC + MNC + MSIN CC + NDC+ SN 4 octets (chosen by operator) CC + NDC+ SN TAC + SNR
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GSM Procedures
Key Procedures in GSM Location Update & Mobile Registration Mobile Originated Call Paging Mobile Terminated Call
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MS
BTS
BSC
Action
Location Registration
HLR
PreviousVLR
MSC/VLR
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HLR
PreviousVLR
MSC/VLR
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HLR
9. Cancel Location
PreviousVLR
MSC/VLR
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HLR
Gateway MSC
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VMSC
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HLR
7. Paging <TMSI>
8. Paging Resp. <Cell ID> 9. SETUP
Gateway MSC
VMSC
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HLR
MS BTS Authentication response (SDCCH) Call Exchange release of Call Connected Setup Communication Assignment Alerting Connected of TCH (TCH) Call release Assignment Alerting Connected Exchange of of communication TCH Req establishment Alloc Call Authentication Ciphering for of dedicated dedicated command response request response channel channel request BSC (TCH) for communication (RACH) (AGCH) (SDCCH)
AuC GMSC
EIR MSC Call release Alerting Connected Exchange Setupof Communication PSTN
BTS
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HLR
AuC Reply
GMSC
EIR
BSC
PSTN
BTS
Land to Mobile call
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References
The GSM system for mobile communications - Mouly, M., Pautet, M. GSM System Engineering - Asha Mehrotra ETSI GSM Technical Specifications www.etsi.org GSM presentation by Ashok Kumar GSM presentation by Sumit/Nishit
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Acknowledgements
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Disclaimer
Aricent makes no representations or warranties with respect to contents of these slides and the same are being provided as is. The content/materials in the slides are of a general nature and are not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual or entity. The material may provide links to internet sites (for the convenience of users) over which Aricent has no control and for which Aricent assumes no responsibility for the availability or content of these external sites. While the attempt has been to acknowledge sources of materials wherever traceable to an individual or an institution; any materials not specifically acknowledged is purely unintentional
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Thank You