ERIK ERIKSON

FREUD

Psychosexual Development ERIKSON

PSYCHOSOCIAL Development
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EPIGENETIC PRINCIPLE
There Is A Natural, Predetermined Order To Development. Personality growth follows a sequence of inner, predetermined laws.
Each person develops through a sequence of stages that emerge in accordance with this preset plan.
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At each stage a person is confronted with a CRISIS that must be resolved. Each crisis is represented by a healthy versus an unhealthy resolution that can be represented as polar opposites on a straight line.
Trust---------------------------------------------------------Mistrust

A persons social environment has an extremely important effect on how each crisis is resolved, but it does not determine the order in which stages emerge! 4

Thus, there is a predetermined, genetic plan of what constitutes a healthy personality (a positive resolution at each stage). What constitutes a healthy personality is not arbitrary or socially determined. The epigenetic principle states that there is a universal, biologically determined conception of what a healthy personality is. 5

The stages are sequential but they are

NOT HIERARCHICAL.
Each new stage emerges according to the predetermined biological plan irrespective of how successful the resolution of the previous stage was.

However, the unhealthy resolution of a stage negatively affects the resolution of all subsequent stages.
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THE STAGES
8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Diffusion)

4. Industry vs. Inferiority

3. Initiative vs. Guilt 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 1. Trust vs. Mistrust
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COMPARISON OF STAGES
FREUD Genital Latency ERIKSON 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion 4. Industry vs. Inferiority

Oedipal
Anal

3. Initiative vs. guilt

2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Oral

1. Trust vs. Mistrust

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ERIKSONS ADULT STAGES

8. Integrity vs. Despair

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (self-absorption)

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation

STAGE AND AGE

8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion Old age Adulthood 20s 12-18 (approx.)

4. Industry vs. Inferiority

3. Initiative vs. Guilt

6-12 (approx.)
3-6

2. Autonomy vs. Shame

1. Trust vs. Mistrust

2-3
0-1
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SIGNIFICANT RELATIONS
8. Integrity vs. Despair humankind (my kind) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation divided labor, shared household 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation partners: friends, sex,competition, cooperation peer and other groups neighborhood, school

5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion 4. Industry vs. Inferiority

3. Initiative vs. Guilt

2. Autonomy vs. Shame 1. Trust vs. Mistrust

basic family
parental persons maternal person
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GOALS OF EACH STAGE

Stage Ideal Achievement
Wisdom, Inner peace Care 8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 1. Trust vs. Mistrust

Love
Fidelity Competence Purpose Will Power Hope

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