A project seminar

on
performance analysis & implementation of
AMR- WIDEBAND SPEECH CODEC

PERFORMED BY

(1) Kapadia Kunal R. (6229) (2) Desai Chintan B. (6211)

(3) Desai Jaimin B. (6212) (4) Chopra Dhikant R. (6208)

GUIDED BY

(Prof. Ninad S. Bhatt)

(Mr. Vijayendra A. Desai)

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

OF
C.K.PITHAWALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
 Problem statement:To design &
implement AMR-WB.

 We are going to implement AMR WIDEBAND USING

MATLAB.
 We have started our work with AMR & VAD.
 IN our project we will used following ALGORITHM :

I. LPC (LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING)

II. CELP (CODE EXITED LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING)
III. ACELP (ALGEBRIC CODE EXITED LINEAR PREDICTIVE
CODING )
 SPEECH CODING
speech coding is a procedure to represent a digitized speech signal using
as few bits as possible, maintaining at the same time a reasonable level of
speech quality.

SPEECH
CODERS

according to bit rate according to coding technique

High bit rate >15kbps Waveform coders

Medium bit rate 5 to 10kbps Parametric coders
Low bit rate 2 to 5kbps Hybrid coders
Very low bit rate < 2kbps

Requirements of speech coders

Low bit rate
High speech quality
Robustness across different speakers
Robustness in the presence of channel error
Good performance on non speech signals
Low memory size & low computational complexity
Low coding delay
Basic block diagram of speech coding :
CHANN
A/D SOURCE
EL
SPEECH FILTER SAMPLER CONVERT ENCODE
ENCOD
ER R
ER

CHANNEL

SOURCE
CHANNEL D/A OUTPUT
DECODE FILTER
DECODER CONVETER SPEECH
R

Limitation of other basic speech coders

 SORCE CODER & CHANNEL CODER WORK SEPARETELY.
Solution
IN AMR, THIS LIMITATION OVERCOME THE PROBLEM OF SOURCE CODER & CHAN
CODER WORKING SIMULTANEOUSLY.
 AMR(ADAPTIVE MULTI RATE ):
 AMR is a technique to maintain good voice quality in
various conditions of channel.
 It is a technique which increases voice quality and
boosted channel error robustness and capacity.

 Why AMR is used?

 IN CELLULAR COMMUNICATION, quality of voice is most
important.
It depends on channel condition.
Bad channel condition produces many error.
TO maintain voice quality in different channel condition AMR
is required.
BASIC DIAGRAM OF AMR CODEC
SYSTEM :
 OPERATION OF AMR :

 AMR FULL RATE:[BIT RATE  AMR HALF RATE:[BIT RATE

22.8kbps]
Total 8 modes of operation 11.4kbps]
Total 6 modes of operation
 From 12.2 kbps to 4.75kbps  From 7.95 kbps to 4.75kbps
 In worst channel conditio:4.75kbps  In worst channel condition:4.75kbp
 In best channel condition: 12.2kbps  In best channel condition: 7.95kbps
 LINK ADAPTION & IN-BAND
SINGALLING:
 IT CONSISTS OF CHANNEL QUALITY MEASUREMENT & CODEC MODE
ALGORITHM.
IT ADAPTS BIT PARTITIONING BETWEEN CHANNEL & SPEECH CODING.
DEPENDING ON C/I, LINK ADAPTION SELECT THE OPTIMAL CODEC &
CHANNEL MODE. C/I AMR
(dB) MODE(kb/s
)
>= 12.2
8
7.95
>=5
<5 5.90

 AMR CONTAINS VAD & DTX.

VAD (VOICE ACTIVITY
DETECTION):
IT IS A TECHNIQUE USED IN SPEECH PROCESSING WHEREIN
THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF HUMAN SPEECH IS
DETECTED IN REGION OF AUDIO.
 Features of VAD:

 LINE SPECTRAL FREQUENCIES

 FULL-BAND ENERGY
 LOW-BAND ENERGY(<1 kHz),
 ZERO CROSSING RATE

 VAD application:

AUDIO CONFERENCING
 ECHO CANCELLATION
SPEECH RECOGNITION
SPEECH ENCODING
HANDS-FREE TELEPHONY
 BLOCK DIAGRAM VAD
ALGORITHM:
FILTER
BANK & level[n
S(i) COMPUTATI ]
ON OF SUB
BAND
LEVELS
pitch VAD
PITCH FLAG
T_OP[n] VAD
DETECTION
DECESION

ton
T0,t1 TONE e
DETECTION Complex
warning

Complex
timer
COMPLEX
OL-LTP
SIGNAL
Correlati
ANALYSIS
on vector
 DESIGN OF VAD ALGORITHM:
A. NOISE REDUCTION, e.g. via spectral subtraction.
B. FEATURES OR QUANTITIES ARE CALCULATED FROM A SECTION OF
SIGNAL INPUT.
C. DETECT WHETHER SPEECH IS TRANSMITTED OR NOT.
 OVERVIEW OF VAD BLOCK DIAGRAM:

 FILTER BANK : Input signal is divided into frequency band using

a 9 band filter bank.
PITCH DETECTION: IT detects vowel sounds & other periodic
signal.
 TONE DETECTION: IT detects information tone.
 COMPLEX SIGNAL ANALYSIS: It detects correlated signals in
the high pass filtered weighted speech domain.
 VAD DECESION: After comparing with threshold value it gives
VAD output.
  AMR WIDEBAND
ADAPTIVE MULTI RATE (AMR-WB): It is a patented A speech
coding standard developed after the AMR.
Using similar technology ACELP.

 CHARACTERISTICS:
Frequency range: 50Hz - 7000Hz
 Sampling rate: 16KHz
 Bit rate: 6.6-23.85Kb/s

 APPLICATIONS:

 HIGH-FIDELITY TELEPHONY OVER BROABAND PACKET & ISDN

 THIRD-GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
 AUDIO & VIDEO TELECONFERENCING
 INTERNET APPLICATIONS
 DIGITAL RADIO BROADCASTING
REFERENCES:
BOOK SUPPORT

• Speech Coding Algorithms Foundation and Evolution of

Standardizatied Coders by Wai C. Chu,A John Wiley &
Sons,2003
• Wireless Communication Principle and Practice by Theodore S.
Rappaport, 2005

WEB SUPPORT:
• En.wikipedia.org
• www.vocal.com
• www.3gpp.org
THANK YOU!!!!