Natural Gas Processing

Natural Gas Processing MEG Regeneration and Reclamation
by Jupni Mulyana
Introduction Concept Selection Technology Development
What is MEG?
Mono Ethylene Glycol A thermodynamic inhibitor for prevention hydrate MEG is preferred hydrate inhibitor for medium to long multiphase flow line
The Closed Loop MEG System
Inlet Gas
Natural Gas Processing

Gas To Pipeline Gas Recompression CO2
Inlet Gas
Inlet Gas / Liquid Separation
Gas Treating CO2 / H2S Removal
Gas Dehydration
Dew Point Control or NGL / LPG Extraction
Produced Water and Condensate Sulphur Recovery Unit Sulphur
Water NGL/LPG Fractionation NGL Products
Typical Processing Steps - Block Flow Diagram
Natural Gas Composition - Contaminants

Problems Associated with Contaminants
Acid Gas (CO2, H2S, Mercaptans/RSH)

- Corrosion Problems - CO2 Freeze-up (Solids) at Low Temperature - Exceeds Pipeline / Product specification
Liquid Hydrocarbon
- Slugging in pipeline
Water
- Corrosion Problems - Hydrate Formation

Problems associated with Contaminants
Mercury
- Attack Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers - Environmental Problems - Catalyst Poisoning (Off Spec Product Specifications)
Inert Gas (Nitrogen, Oxygen)

- Non Productive Gas Volume - Lower Gas Heating value (Btu) / Pipeline Specifications - Oxygen react with Amines ( CO2 Removal Process)

Treat Gas to Remove contaminants
Meet Gas Pipeline Specifications Meet Final Liquid Product Specifications Avoid Corrosion Related Problems Downstream Other Processing Problems in Downstream Operations
Sales Gas Specifications Gas Delivery Specifications

- Temperature - Pressure (psig)
Gas Product Specifications

Water Hydrocarbon Dewpoint H2S Total Sulfur (COS,CS2, RSH) CO2 N2 Hg
Typical Values
3 7 lb/mmscfd 15 30 F 4 15 ppm 100 400 ppm <2% <12% < 10 ppb

Gas To Pipeline Gas Recompression CO2
Inlet Gas
Gas Dehydration

Acid Gas Removal (CO2/H2S)
Solvent Processes (Amines) Solid Processes Membranes
Sulfur Recovery
- Claus Process - Tail Gas Clean-up
Dehydration
- Condensation with Hydrate Inhibition (EG) - Glycol Processes (TEG) - Solid Processes (Molecular Sieve)
Natural Gas Processing- CO2/H2S Removal

Treated (Sweet) Gas
Acid Gas
Lean Amine Lean Amine Cooler
Amine Contactor
Lean/Rich Exchanger
Amine Regenerator
Sour Gas
Flash Drum
Rich Amine
Amine Circulating Pump
Sulfur Recovery - Claus Process

Converter #1 Converter #2
Reaction
Furnace
Steam
Tail Gas
Steam
Acid Gas BFW
Steam
Reheater #1
Steam
Reheater #2
Condenser #1 Air Blower

BFW
Condenser #2
BFW
Condenser #3
BFW
Liquid Sulfur
Sulfur Pit
Sulfur Pump
Gas Dehydration Glycol

Dried Gas Gas/Glycol Cooler Water
Lean/Rich Exchanger
Lean Glycol
Flash Drum Filters
Glycol Contactor
Glycol Regenerator
Wet Gas Rich Glycol
Glycol Pump
Surge Drum
Gas Dehydration Molecular Sieve

Wet Gas
Regeneration Gas Out
Tower #1
Regeneration Gas Heater
A D S O R B
R E G E N
Tower #2
Dry Gas
Regeneration Gas

Gas To Pipeline Gas Compression Unit CO2
Inlet Gas
Gas Dehydration
Dew Point Control Process

Introduction Chilling NG for HC dew point control is a condensation technologies operates on the basis that temperature drop of a gas stream results in condensation of heavier hydrocarbons, this causes a shift in the dew point line of the gas stream phase envelope to a lower temperature at a given pressure. Hence the level of dew point suppression required can determine the quantity of heavier hydrocarbons to be extracted. Dew point defined as the temperature at the first drop of liquid hydrocarbons is formed from the gaseous phase at a given pressure. A typical value of 14 F at 1015 psig, indicate that the first of drop of liquid hydrocarbons is only allowed to formed when the temperature drops to 14 F at a pressure of 1015 psig

Technology
Expansion Refrigeration
- JT Valve-Expansion / Refrigerated J-T Process - Turbo Expander Process
Mechanical Refrigeration - Straight Refrigeration / Liquid Stabilization Supersonic Separation

Justification
The dew point of hydrocarbon and water are specifically controlled to ensure safety of operations, security of supply and complying with contractual specifications including: Efficient utilization line pack Recovery of natural gas liquid Prevention liquid HC slugging in pipeline Minimization of pressure/head loss

LTS System
Ideal for wellhead High inlet pressure No mechanical refrigeration Usually low vapor pressure product Designed for low maintenance

Straight Refrigeration (SR-1)
Normally runs at pipeline pressure Low pressure drop Mechanical refrigeration reqd Use propane Refrig. Mostly C.S. Equip.

Straight refrigeration (SR-2)
Additional Exchanger Minimize energy and refrigeration
Be aware of recycle
gas built-up Higher recompression
HP due to recycle

Split feed to Column Balanced scheme Look into possible product/feed exch.

Best scheme for lowest dew point Higher Recovery of NGL liquid Higher cost/energy

Similar to SR-2
Applicable for low pressure system No recompression

Supersonic Separation
Expander Section: A nozzle will accelerate to supersonic velocity resulting in pressure and temperature drop and cause heavier HC condensation The Cyclone Separator: Centrifuge causing swirl effect results in gas condensates separation and removal Compression: Diffuser region in order to regain the pressure loss (pressure recovery)

Natural Gas Processing

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Natural Gas Processing MEG Regeneration and Reclamation

Introduction Concept Selection Technology Development

The Closed Loop MEG System