Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONTENTS
Introduction
Planning
Importance Types Principles Planning Premises
Steps in Planning
Features of an good Plan Limitations
Introduction
Planning as a process involves anticipation of future course
planning
According to Philip Kotler , Planning is deciding in the present
what to do in the future. It is the process whereby companies reconcile their resources with their objectives and opportunities.
PlanNIng
According to Confucius, A man who does not plan long ahead will find trouble at his door.
example
Co founded by Paul Allen and Bill gates
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characteristics
Goal oriented
Future
Intellectual process Continuous process
importance
Focuses attention on objectives and results
Reduces uncertainty and change
importance
Helps in coordination Guides decision making Facilitates control
Components
Policy
Objectives
Procedure
Planning Components
Budget
Programme
Rule
Types of planning
Types of planning
premises
Controllable, Semicontrollable and Uncontrollable
Internal and External Tangible and Intangible
Premises
Steps in planning
Determination of the objectives
Collection of Information Development of planning premises Discovering alternative courses of action
Steps in planning
Selection of best alternative
Formulation of derivative plans Communicating the plan Follow up measures
limitations
Costly process Rigidity Limited scope
limitations
Influence of external factors Non-availability of data Peoples resistance
Bibliography
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