King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Electrical Engineering Department EE 400 Communication Networks

Wireless Ad Hoc Network

Done By Sultan A. Al-Ghamdi (200335210) Feras Al-Shahwan (200323750)
http://www.tutorialspoint.com http://en.kioskea.net http://www.tomax7.com http://www.tutorialspoint.com http://www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu http://www.computingunplugged.com http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.computingunplugged.com http://common.ziffdavisinternet.com

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Introduction

Wireless Network Topology

Independent Basic Service Set

Basic Service Set

Introduction
What is Ad hoc Networks? Peer to peer communication by use of Wi-Fi technology without passing through an access point (AP)

Introduction
Why Ad hoc Networks? No infrastructure needed Can be deployed quickly, where there is no wireless communication infrastructure present Can act as an extension to existing networks Cost-effective Adaptive computing and self-configuring

IEEE802.11 standards
Freature Primary Application Frequency Band Channel Bandwidth Half/Full Duplex Radio Technology Wi-Fi (802.11b) Wireless LAN 2.4 GHz ISM 25 MHz Half Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Wi-Fi 802.11a/g) Wireless LAN 2.4 GHz ISM (g) 5 GHz U-NII(a) 20 MHz Half OFDM (64-channels)

Bandwidth Efficiency
Modulation FEC Encryption Mobility Mesh Access Protocol

<=0.44 bps/Hz
QPSK None Optional- RC4 (AES in 802.11i) In development Vendor Proprietary CSMA/CA

<=2.7 bps/Hz
BPSK, QPSK,16-, 64-QAM Convolution Code Optional- RC4 (AES in 802.11i) In development Vendor Proprietary CSMA/CA

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Open System Interconnection Model

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Physical Layer

Function

Modulation

Types of Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM)

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Datalink layer

Functions Ensures that data is transferred correctly between adjacent network nodes Detect and correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer. Protocols The Logical Link Control layer (LLC)

provides multiplexing and flow control mechanisms that make it possible for multi network protocols to correlate with multipoint network

The Media Access Control layer (MAC)

The carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance method (CSMA/CA)

Point Coordination Function (PCF)

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Network Layer

Functions performs the process of exchanging information from one node to the other nodes of the network.

Protocols Pro-active routing protocol (table-driven) on demand routing protocol Adaptive routing (situation-aware) Flooding routing protocol Deflection routing protocol

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Transport Layer

Functions

The purpose of this layer is manipulating two processes in two different nodes. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Protocols

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

UDP is a message-based connectionless protocol. no effort to set up a reserved end-to-end connection. Communication is done by transmitting information in one direction TCP is a connection oriented service TCP Provides reliable byte stream between two processes in two different machines. Sequence number is attached to keep a track to ingoing and outgoing packets. TCP protocols ensure that the data transfer is guaranteed.

OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Comparison of Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies

Scalability: To scale up a wireless infrastructure network, the number of APs is increased to expand the coverage area or to increase the capacity In ad hoc networks, it depends on the routing protocol Flexibility: Operation of infrastructure networks is very expensive Ad hoc network is very flexible Controllability: Infrastructure network centrally controlled and synchronized In ad hoc networks there is no centralized administration Therefore, infrastructure network is more controllable than ad hoc

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Comparison of Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies

Routing Complexity:

In ad hoc network, each node must act a router. There is a need for routing algorithms that directs the info to the appropriate next hop This problem does not exist in infrastructure network

Coverage:

In ad hoc, coverage of the network is an issue of concern The max distance between two nodes is the max transmission range of the nodes In infrastructure network, two nodes communicate through AP The max distance is twice range of the coverage of a single wireless modem

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OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Applications and future implantation

Personal area networking cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watch Military environments soldiers, tanks, planes Civilian environments taxi cab network meeting rooms sports stadiums boats, small aircraft Emergency operations search-and-rescue policing and fire fighting
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OUTLINE

Introduction IEEE802.11 standards Open system interconnection model Physical layer Datalink layer Network Layer Transport Layer Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies Applications and future implantation Conclusion

Conclusion

Ad hoc network is infrastructure less networks Based on Wi-Fi technology Good solution for temporary application Cost efficient.