LONCAT HIDROLIK

Oleh : Muhammad Azhari Noor, M.Eng.

Sumber : Wikipedia, dll

Definisi Loncat Hidrolik

A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics which is frequently observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. When liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise (a step or standing wave) occurs in the liquid surface. In open channel flow the fluid depth can change very rapidly over a short distance. This discontinuity is known as a hydraulic jump. It occurs when there is a sudden transition from supercritical (y1 < yc) to subcritical (y2 > yc) flow.

y1 is known as the initial depth and is < yc (supercritical flow). y2 is known as the sequent depth and is > yc (subcritical flow).

Gambar visualisasi sifat hidrolik jump

Jenis loncat hidrolik

Stasioner (Statis) Contoh : Loncat hidrolik pada bangunan terjunan

Dinamik/moving form (Dinamis) Contoh : Gelombang laut

Visualisasi Loncat Hidrolik

Penurunan Persamaan Loncat hidrolik

Persamaan Konservasi Massa Persamaan Konservasi Momentum

Rumus Umum Loncat Hidrolik

Bilangan Froude dan Kedalaman Kritis

Froude No. F2 = Q2T/gA3

atau

For Critical Depth F2 = Q2T/gA3 = 1 Where T = Top surface A = Base x Depth ** T = Base for rectangular

Terminologi Energi pada Loncat Hidrolik

Loncat Hidrolik Sebagai Peredam Energi

The height of the jump (m): Hj = y2-y1 The energy loss in the jump (m): E1 = y1 + v12/2g E2 = y2 + v22/2g

**always remember Q = v.A The power loss in the jump (kW): PL = EL.Q.

Panjang Loncat Air

Tabulasi Karakteristik Loncat Hidrolik

Amount upstream flow is supercritical (i.e., prejump Froude Number)
Ratio of height after to height before jump Descriptive characteristics of jump Fraction of energy dissipated by jump[9]

1.0

1.0

No jump; flow must be supercritical for none jump to occur

1.01.7
1.72.5 2.54.5 4.59.0

1.02.0
2.03.1 3.15.9 5.912.0

Standing or undulating wave

Weak jump (series of small rollers) Oscillating jump Stable clearly defined well-balanced jump

<5%
5% 15% 15% 45% 45% 70%

>9.0

>12.0

Clearly defined, turbulent, strong jump

70% 85%

Latihan Soal (dipelajari!!!) :

Hydraulic jump occurs in a rectangular channel 3 m width. The water depth before the jump is 0.6m and after the jump is 1.6m. Compute a) The flowrate in the channel b) Head Loss in the jump
1.

Latihan Soal (dipelajari!!!) :

Hydraulic jump occurs in a rectangular channel 3 m width. The length of the jump is 18.3m and height of the jump is 3 m. Froude no before the jump is 6. Compute a) Depth before jump and after jump b) Flowrate c) Energy before and after jump. d) Prove that hydraulic jump occur.
2.

Latihan Soal (dipelajari!!!) :

3.

A rectangular channel with 3m width, carrying flowrate of 12m3/s from a channel slope of 0.0150 to 0.00016. Determine if there is a hydraulic jump.