Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Harshawardhan Lele
MAP TCAP SCCP MTP PCM30 MAP ISUP TCAP SCCP MTP PCM30
Mobile Network
PSTN
AUC GMSC
H C
Gi
PSTN
GGSN
Gc Gn Gr Gp
PDN
other PLMN
HLR
D G VLR VLR
EIR
F
Gs Iu-CS Iu-CS Iu-PS Iu-PS RNS BSS Gb Gf
MSC
E A BSS RNS
MSC
SGSN
BSC
Abis
RNC
Iur Iub
RNC
Iub
BSC
Abis
BTS
BTS
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
BTS
BTS
System Overview
Existing GSM Network containing BSS (BTS; BSC); MSC; VLR; HLR; EIR circuit switched (CS) connected to SS#7 Network Additional Network containing BSS with PCU; SGSN; GGSN packet switched (PS) connected to Packet Data Networks (PDN) Shared Resources BSS (BTS) VLR; HLR; EIR
Test Areas
Physical Layer Testing CS Testing signalling protocols (e.g.: MTP; SCCP; TCAP; MAP) switched circuits user level PS Testing network layers user layers user level (applications) Interworking
SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC
SM-SC
E
Gd
C HLR
MSC/VLR
A TE R M T BSS Um SGSN Gn Gs Gb SGSN Gp GGSN Other PLMN Gn D
Gc Gr GGS N Gf Gi EIR
Signalling Interface Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
PD N
TE
M S
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
IP / X.25
IP / X.25
SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF LLC Relay RLC MAC GSM RF BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
U m
Data Interfaces
Um RF; MAC; RLC; LLC; SNDCP; IP GPRS Abis proprietary protocol; MAC; RLC; LLC; SNDCP; IP Gb FR (/ ATM); NS; BSSGP; LLC; SNDCP; GMM, IP Gn (Gp) FR / Ethernet (/ ATM); IP; UDP (/ TCP); GTP; IP Gi FR / Ethernet (/ ATM); IP
MS
BSS
SGSN
LLC Relay
RLC RLC MAC MAC GSM RF BSSGP Network Service L1bis
Signalling Interfaces
Um ( / GPRS Abis) RF (/ proprietary); MAC; RLC; LLC; GMM/SM (SMS) Gb FR; NS; LLC; GMM/SM (SMS) Gr (SGSN / HLR), Gc (SGSN / EIR), Gf (GGSN / HLR) MTP; SCCP; TCAP; MAP Gs (SGSN / VLR) MTP; SCCP; BSSAP+ Gd (SGSN / SMS-IW/GMSC) MTP; SCCP; TCAP; MAP (SMS)
Monitoring
complex behaviour - view of all interfaces needed new statistics mean packet delay; Kbyte / s; mean packet size; Kbyte / user ... new call traces GPRS attach - data transmissions - GPRS detach PDP context activation - data transmission - PDP context
deavtivation
Billing Radius
Packet transfer
TCP timing problems Packet Generation / verification emulation of all lower layers up to IP on Abis, Gb, Gn, Gi timestamp, checksum, interfaces IP routing to standard interfaces generation and checking of user layers GPRS and PDN interworking
Performance Measurement
Erlang and BHCA not applicable Kbyte per second packets per second maximum and mean packet delay QOS
Monitoring
1/2
Signaling Point A
Signaling Point B
K1205
Protocol Tester is a passive monitor
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
PDN
K1205
GPRS Statistics
GPRS CDR Viewer GPRS Service Profiles GPRS MM/SM statistics GPRS Deciphering Application
GPRS Gb Analyzer
GPRS sessions (e.g. IMSI, P-TMSI, current state, Attach type, ) Displays and stores statistical output in tabulated format Measures signaling performance Monitors and analyzes important QoS parameter (e.g. requested vs. negotiated vs. actual) Evaluates service usage and their duration Operates Online and Offline Is part of K12 basic SW
GPRS Gb Statistics
Kc
GEA/x
Output
Kc
GEA/x
Output
Unciphered Frame
Ciphered Frame
Deciphered Frame
MS or SGSN
SGSN or MS
For I- and S- Frames F{ IOV and N(S)} For UI-Frame F{IOV and N(u)}
GEAx
Cipher Sequence
Head
FCS
Data Field
Head
monitoring tool all enciphered signaling signallingand andpayload payload data are invisible up to the Gb interface
Consequently, important information informations are are denied denied to to
the technician or engineer attempting to observe the transmissions behavior under normal (enciphered) conditions.
Of course, enciphering could be disabled temporarily
during monitoring and analysis, but this seems to be no suitable way out !
transmissions at the Gb interface automatically, providing unhampered access to all messages above the protocol layer Logical Link Control (LLC).
It allows enciphering to remain on during
monitoring and analysis Subscribers receive the uninterrupted security and privacy they expect Troubleshooting, optimization, statistics can be performed in usual way Tektronix outstanding position for non-intrusive GPRS testing can be strengthened Gunnar Heine (Accepted expert in mobile network technologies):
even skeptic colleagues and customers who barely apply new features of the K1205 are nowadays persuaded of the value of the deciphering application and use it on a regular base
GEA1 and GEA2 support Real-time mode and post-capture mode Capability to delete inactive or detached subscribers
Encryption
Enciphered messages on Gb Gb
Gr
BSS/ PCU
SGSN
K1205
Encryption
Enciphered De ciphered messages on Gb Gb
Gr
BSS/ PCU
SGSN
Decipher
K1205