CLUTCHES

1. BALDEEP

SINGH GREWAL 2. ANOOP KUMAR JHA 3. SANDEEP MEHTA 4. ANUJ RAUTELA

INTRODUCTION
A clutch is a mechanical device which provides for the transmission of power (and therefore usually motion) from one component (the driving member) to another (the driven member).

Clutches are used whenever the ability to limit the transmission of power or motion needs to be controlled either in amount or over time; clutches control whether automobiles transmit engine power to the wheels).

AN EXAMPLE Clutch for a drive shaft: The clutch disc (center) spins with the flywheel (left). To disengage, the lever is pulled (black arrow), causing a white pressure plate (right) to disengage the green clutch disc from turning the drive shaft, which turns within the thrustbearing ring of the lever. Never will all 3 rings connect, with no gaps.

Rear side of a Ford V6 engine, looking at the clutch housing on the flywheel.

In these devices one shaft is typically attached to a motor or other power unit (the driving member) while the other shaft (the driven member) provides output power for work to be done

TYPES OF CLUTCHES
1. FRICTION CLUTCHES

Friction clutches are by far the most well-known type of clutches . friction clutches have pairs of conical disk, or ring-shaped mating surfaces and means for pressing the surfaces together. The pressure may be created by a spring or a series of levers locked in position by the wedging action of a conical spool

Materials
Various materials have been used for the disc friction facings, including asbestos in the past. Modern clutches typically use a compound organic resin with copper wire facing or a ceramic material. A typical coefficient of friction used on a friction disc surface is 0.35 for organic and 0.25 for ceramic. Ceramic materials are typically used in heavy applications such as trucks carrying large loads or racing

CLASSIFICATION OF FRICTION CLUTCHES Friction disk clutches generally are classified as "Push Type" or "Pull Type" depending on the location of the pressure plate fulcrum points. 1. PUll TYPE:In a pull type clutch,
the action of pressing the pedal pulls the release bearing, pulling on the diaphragm spring and disengaging the vehicle drive.

2. PUSH TYPE:
In a push type, the release bearing is pushed into the clutch disengaging the vehicle drive. In this instance, the release bearing can be known as a thrust bearing

FACTORS FOR CLUTCH DESIGNING

To design analyze the performance of these devices, a knowledge on the following are required. 1. The torque transmitted 2. The actuating force. 3. The energy loss 4. The temperature rise

Clutch is an device for quickly and easily connecting or disconnecting a pair of rotatable coaxial shafts. Clutches are usually placed between the driving motor and the input shaft to a machine and provide a convenient means for starting and stopping the machine and permitting the driving motor or engine to be started in an unloaded state (as in an automobile).

Mechanical clutches provide either a positive (no-slip) or a friction-dependent drive. Positive clutches are collars with jaws that interlock, one member being rigidly attached to its shaft while the other slides on its shaft.

Clutch operation in automobiles

In a car the clutch is operated by the left-most pedal using hydraulics or a cable connection from the pedal to the clutch mechanism. No pressure on the pedal means that the clutch plates are engaged (driving), while depressing the pedal disengages the clutch plates, allowing the driver to shift gears or coast.

A manual transmission contains cogs for selecting gears. These cogs have matching teeth, called dog teeth, which means that the rotation speeds of the two parts have to match for engagement. This speed matching is achieved by a secondary clutch called a synchronizer, a device that uses frictional contact to bring the two parts to the same speed, and a locking mechanism called a blocker ring to prevent engagement of the teeth .

FEW TYPES OF CLUTCHES USED IN AUTOMOBILES

1. WET CLUTCH : A "wet clutch"

is immersed in a cooling lubricating fluid which also keeps the surfaces clean and gives smoother performance and longer life. Wet clutches, however, tend to lose some energy to the liquid. E.G. Hele-Shaw clutch 2. DRY CLUTCH : A "dry clutch", as the name implies, is not bathed in fluid and should be, literally, dry.

Performance Clutches
The pros of performance clutches are; 1. A performance clutch transfers more torque than its stock equivalent. 2. A well designed performance clutch will engage decisively under extreme conditions. 3. Faster gear changes . 4. It will withstand abrupt, high RPM engagement .

MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF CLUTCHES 1.

:

Belt clutch:

Used on agricultural equipment and some piston-engine-driven helicopters. Engine power is transmitted via a set of vee-belts that are slack when the engine is idling .

Belt clutch

2.

Dog clutch:
Utilized in automobile manual transmissions mentioned above. Positive engagement, non-slip. Typically used where slipping is not acceptable. Partial engagement under any significant load tends to be destructive.

Dog clutch used to drive the platter in a microwave

3. Hydraulic clutch:
The driving and driven members are not in physical contact; coupling is hydrodynamic. Fluid couplings are used in many industrial application involving rotational power, especially in machine drives that involve highinertia.
3. Electromagnetic clutch: Magnetic particle clutches have magnetically influenced particles contained in a chamber between driving and driven members which upon application of direct current causes the particles to clump together and adhere to the operating surfaces. Engagement and slippage are notably smooth.
HYDRAULIC CLUTCH

ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH

5. Overrunning clutch or freewheel:

1. Typical bicycles have these so that the rider can stop pedaling and coast . 2. The winding knob of a camera employs a (silent) wrap-spring type as a clutch in winding and as a brake in preventing it from being turned backwards. 3. The rotor drive train in helicopters.

Common Clutch Problems:

1.

The most common problem with clutches is that the friction material on the disc wears out. The friction material on a clutch disc is very similar to the friction material on the pads of a disc brake, or the shoes of a drum brake . Another problem sometimes associated with clutches is a worn thrust bearing. This problem is often characterized by a rumbling noise whenever the clutch engages.

2.

3. Excessive riding on the clutch will

wear out the thrust bearing prematurely . There must be free play between the diaphragm of the clutch and the thrust bearing .

4.

The clutch only wears while the clutch disc and the flywheel are spinning at different speeds. So if you are the type of driver who slips the clutch a lot, you will wear out your clutch a lot faster.

USE OF CLUTCHES IN OTHER DEVICES

AN OVERVIEW OF CLUTCHES
As we know that, A clutch is a mechanical device which provides for the transmission of power (and therefore usually motion) from one component (the driving member) to another (the driven member). The opposite component of the clutch is the brake.

Clutches are used whenever the ability to limit the transmission of power or motion needs to be controlled either in amount or over time (e.g. electric screwdrivers limit how much torque is transmitted through use of a clutch; clutches control whether automobiles transmit engine power to the wheels).

AN VIDEO TO EXPLAIN ITS WORKING