Hydraulic

John Deere

GOLF TURF
&

Training Department

Foundations

(Left Click Selection Box) Hydraulic Fluid Least Resistance Check Valve Relief Valve

Pascals Law
Application Principles JIC

Pressure Differential Relief

Conditioners Open vs Closed

Pumps
Axial Piston Pump Gear Pump Motors Reservoirs Lines and Connections

Hydraulic Valve JIC

Hydraulic Cylinder Principles Cylinder Leakage Test Build With JICs

Liquids Have no Shape of their own

Liquids are Practically Incompressible

Liquids under pressure follow what path?

Path of least Resistance

Path of Least Resistance

10 lbs

Imperial

Pascals Law

Metric

Pressure Exerted on a Confined Fluid is Transmitted Undiminished in All Directions and Acts With Equal Force on Equal Areas and at Right Angles to Them.

Application Principles
1 lb (.45kg) Force 10 lbs (4.5kg)

1 sq in (.65cm2) Piston Area 1 psi (6.9kpa)

10 sq in (6.5cm2) Piston Area

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Pump Types

Positive Displacement -With each revolution a specific amount is pumped somewhere

Low Volume, High Pressure

Non Positive (IE: Water Pump)

High Volume, Low Pressure

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JIC Symbols

Joint Industry Council

Symbolic Drawings used in Schematics to Represent Components.

14

Pumps (JIC Symbols)

Constant Displacement Single Direction

Arrow Showing Oil Flow OUT

Bi-Directional, Variable Displacement

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Pumps convert mechanical power into hydraulic force

Axial Piston Pump

Neutral Position Vertical Swashplate

Piston

Pressure Oil Each Piston

Engine

Shaft Piston Piston Swash Plate Rotating Group Typically 9 Pistons

Pumps

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Axial Piston Pump

Forward Position Angled Swashplate

Charge Oil

Pressure Rotating Group Typically 9 Pistons

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Axial Piston Pump

Reverse Position Angled Swashplate

Pressure

Charge Rotating Group Typically 9 Pistons

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Gear Pump or Motor

In

Out

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Motors (JIC Symbols)

Single

Direction

Bi-Directional

Arrow Showing Oil Flow IN Motors converts hydraulic force into mechanical power
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Reservoirs

1. Vented

2. Pressurized

3. Return Above Fluid Level

4. Return Below Fluid Level

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Lines and Connections

or

Working Line (Main)

Crossing Lines

Pilot Control Line

Drain Line

Connecting Lines

Flexible Line Flow Direction

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Check Valve
Checked Flow Free Flow

Spring Assisted Pilot Operated

28

Relief Valves
Protects the Pump and Lines from excessive pressure

Returns fluid back to the reservoir

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Relief Valve

Supply

Return to Reservoir

Pilot supply
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Pressure Differential Valve

Supply

Senses the DIFFERENCE in Pressure

31

Manual On/Off Valve

32

Fluid Conditioners

Filter

Oil Cooler

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Filters
Internal Filter Bypass Valve (Optional)

Micron 1 Millionth of a Meter or 1 Thousandth of a Millimeter

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Types of Hydraulic Systems

Open Center Closed Center
The control valve that regulates the flow from the pump determines if system is open or closed.

Do not confuse Hydraulics with the Closed Loop of the Power Train. (Hydro)
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Hydraulic Valve JIC

Closed Open Center Center Hydraulics Flow in Neutral

Trapped Oil

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Hydraulic Valve JIC

Extend

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Hydraulic Valve JIC

Retract

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Hydraulic Valve JIC

Neutral Again

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Lift Cylinder

Extend

Lift Cylinder
Leak Down Where Does the Oil Go??

Lift Cylinder

Is it Possible for This Rod to Retract Even With the Piston Removed??

Cylinder Hose Failures

Effects On Line Pressure When a Cylinder Piston Packing is Leaking

15000 lbs of Down Force 1.5 Diameter Rod .75 x .75 x 3.1416 = 1.77 sq.in. Results in 8475 PSI 3 Diameter Piston 1.5 x 1.5 x 3.1416 = 7.07 sq.in. Results in 2122 PSI

Hydraulic Cylinder Leakage Test

Depending on the System, You May Have to Cap This Line To Prevent Return Oil From Leaking Out

Retract

49

JIC Symbols

PM

Would This Hydraulic Drive System Work?

Yes, In one direction
Common Reservoir Common Reservoir

Hydraulic Drive Does NOT Provide Dynamic Braking

Build the System

50

JIC Symbols

PM

Hill Simulation

Closed Loop Hydrostatic Transmission

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JIC Symbols

PM

Hill Simulation

Closed Loop Hydrostatic Transmission

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JIC Symbols

Oil Filter

PM
Common Reservoir

Inlet Check

Inlet Check

Common Reservoir

Oil Cooler

Build the System

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JIC Symbols
Oil Cooler Bypass Valve

Oil Filter

PM

Charge Relief Valve

Filter Bypass Valve

Oil Cooler

Build the System

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JIC Symbols
Oil Cooler Bypass Valve

Oil Filter

PM

Charge Relief Valve

Filter Bypass Valve

Oil Cooler

Hydrostatic Transmission Components

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