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SPSS Windows
Data View
Used to display data Columns represent variables Rows represent individual units or groups of units that share common values of variables
Variable View
Used to display information on variables in dataset TYPE: Allows for various styles of displaying LABEL: Allows for longer description of variable name VALUES: Allows for longer description of variable levels MEASURE: Allows choice of measurement scale
Output View
Displays Results of analyses/graphs
DATA (.dat)
You will be prompted through a series of dialog boxes to import dataset
Mean : y
y
i 1
Sum : yi
i 1
y y
n i 1 i
n 1
Variance : S 2
t i i t t t t t t t i i i i i i i
40
20
Count
5
0 1 2 3 4 5
OUTCOME
3 1
Histograms
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
GRAPHS HISTOGRAM Select Variable to be plotted Click on DISPLAY NORMAL CURVE if you want a normal curve superimposed (see Chapter 3).
20
10
0 0. 12 0 0. 11 0 0. 10
.0 90 .0 80 .0 70 .0 60 .0 50 .0 40 .0 30 .0 20 .0 10
MONTHS
0 0.
20
OUTCOME
1 2
10
3 4
Count
5 0 1 2 6
TRT
Scatterplots
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
GRAPHS SCATTER SIMPLE DEFINE For Y-AXIS, choose the Dependent (Response) Variable For X-AXIS, choose the Independent (Explanatory) Variable
6 5
3 2
THCLRNCE
DRUG
6 5
DRUG
THCLRNCE
SUBJECT
s u f a o n a l e r . e a e e o 2 d p i t r r g f p e e
4 1 6 0 4 7 7 0 3 a
6 3 6 7 7 3 6 n
Paired t-test
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE COMPARE MEANS PAIRED SAMPLES T-TEST For PAIRED VARIABLES, Select the two dependent (response) variables (the analysis will be based on first variable minus second variable)
l r t -
I I I
r l (
r l
c c p t t s a s s d i l i i d u d f d b P 5 1 4 a 8 1 8 L 7 1 3 F 5 4 L 2 1 4 A
b 0 1
McNemars Test
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CROSSTABS For ROWS, Select the outcome for condition/time 1 For COLUMNS, Select the outcome for condition/time 2 Under STATISTICS, Click on MCNEMAR Under CELLS, Click on OBSERVED and TOTAL PERCENTAGES NOTE: You will want to code the data so that the outcome present (Success) category has the lower value (e.g. 1) and the outcome absent (Failure) category has the higher value (e.g. 2). Similar for Exposure present category (e.g. 1) and exposure absent (e.g. 2). Use Value Labels to keep output straight.
t i l
P-value
T H e D o A a t e G a 5 S S 0 7 0 7 N 4 2 6 T o 1 2 3 5 S S 5 7 4 1 N 4 1 5 T o 1 5 6 6 S S 0 5 9 4 N 8 0 8 T o 3 9 2 6 S S 5 3 7 0 N 6 9 5 T o 9 6 5
E 7 ln 7 S 1 A 0 A C L 2 I R n U 8 ln L 6 U 7
T d t h
Chi-Square Test
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CROSSTABS For ROWS, Select the Independent Variable For COLUMNS, Select the Dependent Variable Under STATISTICS, Click on CHI-SQUARE Under CELLS, Click on OBSERVED, EXPECTED, ROW PERCENTAGES, and ADJUSTED STANDARDIZED RESIDUALS
(in absolute value) show which cells are inconsistent with null hypothesis of independence. A common rule of thumb is seeing which if any cells have values >3 in absolute value
R E V
N C R T C n o a c t n a e M S C i A o n 9 7 6 E x . 1 9 0 % % % % A d 3 3 M C o a 6 8 4 E x 3 7 0 % % % % A d 7 7 W C o i 7 6 3 E x 6 4 0 % % % % A d 1 1 D C i o v 5 5 0 E x . 0 0 0 % % % % A d 0 0 T C o o 7 6 3 E x 0 0 0 % % % %
p s a d i l d a 0 3 7 L 2 3 4 L 1 1 7
a 1
Kruskal-Wallis Test
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE NONPARAMETRIC TESTS k INDEPENDENT SAMPLES For TEST VARIABLE, Select Dependent Variable For GROUPING VARIABLE, Select Independent Variable, then define range of levels of variable (Minimum and Maximum) Click on KRUSKAL-WALLIS H
Note: This statistic makes the adjustment for ties. See Hollander and Wolfe (1973), p. 140.
Cohens k
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CROSSTABS For ROWS, Select Rater 1 For COLUMNS, Select Rater 2 Under STATISTICS, Click on KAPPA Under CELLS, Click on TOTAL Percentages to get the observed percentages in each cell (the first number under observed count in Table 5.17).
a N 1 2 T a T Z 0 0 S 0 0 S 0 0 S 6 0
a D e U
e a d e n r e S r r ( ( i E J g I B J B ) ) T S S u Z Z 0 9 6 1 9 * Z Z 0 9 0 1 9 * S S Z Z 0 9 6 9 1 * Z Z 0 9 6 9 9 Z S Z Z 0 9 0 9 1 * S Z 0 9 6 9 9 B S S o Z Z 0 9 3 2 2 Z Z 0 9 0 8 2 * S S Z Z 0 9 3 2 2 Z Z 0 9 1 2 2 Z S Z Z 0 9 0 2 8 * S Z 0 9 1 2 2 * . T
Kruskal-Wallis Test
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE NONPARAMETRIC TESTS k INDEPENDENT SAMPLES For TEST VARIABLE, Select Dependent Variable For GROUPING VARIABLE, Select Independent Variable, then define range of levels of variable (Minimum and Maximum) Click on KRUSKAL-WALLIS H
I I I S q d F S S u i f g a q I n 3 1 3 5 0 a E 1 3 4
5 2 3 1 0 b E 9 6 1 S 1 3 4 3 0 b E 9 6 1 a
C o b
m .
M e a d e e r e e ( e S . I r r ( ( i E J g I J B B ) T C F u 3 2 0 0 0 6 8 1 1 P 3 0 3 3 6 6 2 5 7 * F C 3 2 0 0 0 6 8 1 1 P 3 0 3 3 6 6 1 5 7 * P C 3 0 3 3 6 6 2 7 5 * F 3 0 3 3 6 6 1 7 5 * B C F o 3 0 6 6 0 6 0 2 2 P 3 0 7 9 6 6 2 4 8 * F C 3 0 6 6 0 6 0 2 2 P 3 0 7 9 6 6 1 4 8 * P C 3 0 9 7 6 6 2 8 4 * F 3 0 9 7 6 6 1 8 4 * B * . T
b s N 1 2 D a , T P u 4 7 C 4 3 F 4 3 S 0 8
M B T h a U .
b A
6
DRUG
Cimetidine Famotidine Placebo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 0
SUBJECT
a a
a F
Note: This makes an adjustment for ties, see Hollander and Wolfe (1973), p. 140.
2-Way ANOVA
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL UNIVARIATE Assign the DEPENDENT VARIABLE Assign the FACTOR A variable as a FIXED FACTOR Assign the FACTOR B variable as a FIXED FACTOR Click on MODEL, then CUSTOM, select FULL FACTORIAL Click on POST HOC and select the both factors for POST HOC TESTS and BONFERRONI and TUKEY (among many choices) For PLOTS, Select FACTOR B for HORIZONTAL AXIS and FACTOR A for SEPARATE LINES, click ADD
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
GENDER
1 2 1 2
6.5 6.0
ETHNIC
Linear Regression
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE REGRESSION LINEAR Select the DEPENDENT VARIABLE Select the INDEPENDENT VARAIABLE(S) Click on STATISTICS, then ESTIMATES, CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, MODEL FIT For histogram of residuals, click on PLOTS, and HISTOGRAM under STANDARDIZED RESIDUAL PLOTS
i i r i t (
Frequency
i i i t (
Partial Regression Plots (Multiple Regression) to observe association of each Independent Variable with Y, controlling for all others
Fit REGRESSION model with all Independent Variables Click PLOTS, then PRODUCE ALL PARTIAL PLOTS
Linear Regression
600
500
clgm
400
300
200
20
40
60
clcr
Logistic Regression
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE REGRESSION BINARY LOGISTIC Select the DEPENDENT VARIABLE Select the INDEPENDENT VARAIABLE(S) as COVARIATES For a 95% CI for the odds ratio, click on OPTIONS, then CI for exp(B) Declare any CATEGORICAL COVARIATES (Independent variables whose levels are categorical, not numeric)
. . i
. . i
Nonlinear Regression
After Importing your dataset, and providing names to variables, click on:
ANALYZE REGRESSION NONLINEAR Select the DEPENDENT VARIABLE Define the MODEL EXPRESSION as a function of the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(s) and unknown PARAMETERS Define the PARAMETERS and give them STARTING VALUES (this may take several attempts)
3 2 5
4
8.32366 .01391
.99743
Parameter
Estimate
A B C
3.521788512 .121466117 2.999161991 4.044415032 35.598069675 7.532265897 3.189345253 68.006794097 18374.392967 82.899219276 18017.706415 18731.079519
Ax B Model : y B x CB
x AUC06 h
A, B, C Parameters
Cumulative Survival 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .9333 .8667 .8000 .7333 .6667 .6000 .5333 .4667 .4000
Standard Error .0644 .0878 .1033 .1142 .1217 .1265 .1288 .1288 .1265
Cumulative Events 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number Remaining 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6
8 10 27 31 34 35 39 47 57
REGIMEN
.6
Cum Survival
2 .5 .4 .3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2-censored 1 1-censored
TIME
Test Statistics for Equality of Survival Distributions for REGIMEN Statistic df Significance Log Rank 10.93 1 .0009
1.0
.8
.6
.4
Cum Survival
TRT
.2 Placebo 0.0 -10 0 10 20 30 6MP
REMSTIME