Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous Tense

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Simple Past Tense

Kalimat Positif
Kalimat verbal, merupakan suatu kalimat yang didalamnya mengandung unsur kata kerja.

S + Verb II + Object/Complement
Contoh : Gina washed clothes yesterday.

Tense beraturan dibentuk dengan akhiran ed dari infinitif. Untuk kata kerja tak beraturan tidak ada rumusan khusus. Sehingga harus dihafalkan sesuai dengan kaidahnya. Examples : to work worked To ask asked To deliver - delivered

Kecuali verb yang berakhiran dengan huruf perubahannya hanya ditambahkan ed. Example : to love loved To bake baked

e, maka

Apabila infinitive (verb satu) berakhiran dengan huruf y yang didahului dengan huruf vokal, maka verb II dibentuk dengan menambahkan ed saja. Example: To enjoy - enjoyed To obey obeyed To stay stayed To play played

Sedangkan apabila infintive berakhiran dengan konsonan yang didahului oleh vokal dengan merangkap konsonan tersebut kemudian ditambah ed yang berlaku untuk satu suku kata. Example : to admit admitted To beg begged To submit submitted Bila infinitive berakhiran dengan y yang didahului konsonan (huruf mati) maka verb II dibentuk dengan mengubah y menjadi i kemudian ditambah ed Example : to carry Carried To try tried To cry cried

Kalimat Nominal, merupakan kalimat yang di dalam kalimat tersebut tidak terdapat unsur kata kerja. Biasanya berupa kata benda, kata sifat, kata keterangan, dan komplemen komplemen lain. S + Was/Were + NonVerb + Object/Complement Contoh : they were a famous geng when senior high school She was a good teacher
Positive (nominal) Negative (nominal) Interrogative (nominal)

I was You were HE/she/it was We were They were

I was not wasnt You were not / werent He/she/it was not/ wasnt We were not/werent They were not/ werent

Was I? Were you? Was He/she/it? Were we? Were they?

Kata kerja be (was,were) hanya dapat dipergunakan jika dalam predicate dihadirkan kata sifat (adjective), kata keterangan (adverb), dan kata benda (noun). Berikut contohnya:
Adjective - It was cold yesterday morning, but it is not too cold now. - The cost of living is expensive now. It was not very expensive last year. - The people living in Jakarta were not very happy several month ago. They had too much rain. Adverb - Cornelia is in Jakarta right now. Several month ago, she was in Argentina. - Mr. Boy Montero is always in his new office in the morning. Yesterday morning, he was at home. It was his days off. - The green car was still in the front of the yard when i was there

 Noun

- Britney was a funny girl when she was a child. Now she is a famous singer. - Yesterday,I worked at the office. It was not my day off. - Cindy Crawford was a noughty girl, but now she is a good model.

2. Kalimat Negatif Kalimat verbal, dalam kalimat verbal negatif digunakan rumus :

S + did not + Verb I + O/C

Contoh : They didnt invite her to the party, so he didnt go. Susan didnt submitt her assigment on time. Kalimat nominal, dalam kalimat nominal negatif dapat dirumuskan : dirumuskan : S + Was/Were + not + O/C Contoh : - The hotel wasnt very expensive - They werent able to come because they were very busy.

3. Kalimat tanya (interrogative) Kalimat verbal, kalimat tanya dalam kalimat verbal dirumuskan :

Did + S + Verb I + O/C

Contoh : - Did the student understand your lesson? - Did Arabic people accept Islam for the first?

Interrogative adverb, merupakan kata keterangan tambahan yang dipakai untuk mengajukan pertanyaan, ada beberapa bentuk interrogative adverb yaitu : a) interrogative adverb of time : when - when did you come?

b) interrogative adverb of place : where - where did you go yesterday?

c) interrogative adverb of manner, quality or state : how - how did you do that?

d) interrogative adverb of cause or reason : why - why did you leave me?

Kalimat nominal, kalimat ini dirumuskan :

Was/were + S + O/C
Contoh : Was the weather good when you were on holiday? Was they in the house las night?
Catatan: apabila dalam sebuah kalimat yang terdiri dari dua klausa yang dipisahkan oleh when maka kejadian klausa when terjadi yang pertama. Contoh: I stood under a tree when it began to rain First : the rain began Second: i stood under a tree When she heard a strnge noise, she got up to invertigate First : she heard a strange noise Second : she got up to investigate

Past Continuous Tense

Tense ini dipergunakan untuk menggambarkan atau mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas yang masih sedang dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lalu. Saat tertentu tersebut memiliki keterangan waktu (definite time) atau berupa aktivitas yang dapat dipakai sebagai indikator penunjuk keterangan waktu di masa lalu. Rumus : Subject + to be (was/were) + Verb-ing + object

Subject + to be (was/were) + Not + Verb-ing + object To be (was/were) + S + Ving + O

Fungsi dari Past continuous tense ini yaitu : Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi atau berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau ketika perbuatan lain terjadi. Contoh : We were playing in the garden when the postman came While I was crossing the street, I saw an accident

 Dapat digunakan tanpa keterangan waktu, untuk menunjukkan suatu perkembangan perlahan lahan. Contoh : The sun was rising The cloud was moving slowly

Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kegiatan sedang berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau. Contoh : At ten clock last night i was reading a book. Nami, Robin and I were checking our task two hours ago

 Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kegiatan dimasa lampau berlangsung untuk waktu yang lama. Contoh : People were rushing about the house all morning. Trying to get everything ready for the wedding We were playing cards all night last night. I was doing exercise all day in Monday morning Susi was cleaning the house before his mom come from market Husna was riding a car to go to market this afternoon Apabila ada dua kegiatan berlangsung pada waktu yang sama di waktu yang lampau. Contoh : While Nero was playing the fiddle Rome was burning. I was seeping the floor when my mom was cooking

Contoh Soal Lengkapi kalimat berikut agar menjadi kalimat yang benar! 1. Mom (cook) soup this morning. 2. They (ask) for candy at Halloween. 3. He (life) at bandung from child. 4. We (stay) here from two years ago. 5. Why did the unripe apple (fall) to the ground? Buatlah kalimat passive dari kalimat berikut! 6. My father drank a glass of coffee. 7. My uncle was cutting the grass 8. My aunt cleaned the kitchen. 9. People followed a marathon turnament last week.

Buatlah kalimat negatif dari kalimat berikut ini ! 10. I was going to the Theatre when my brother came from school. 11. They went to school together everyday. 12. We left the station and went to the market. 13. She late woke up and hurried ran to go to school. 14. Helen was lying in her bed until noon that day.
Susunlah kalimat dibawah ini agar menjadi kalimat yang benar dan tentukan tenses nya! 15. Night- was I all task doing my 16. During she all sleeping day was 17. They fishing the fish- eating- was were lake at I the

(Lanjutan) 18. Were you book reading was I waiting me a 19. Times book - was the me read by three 20. That - yesterday - song sang I 21. Ago- hard weeks - English for studied Tina exam and I two