Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Theory of Structures
PRESENTED TO:
PRESENTED BY:
BACCAY, DAIGO, ESTRADA, LORENZANA, REYES
STRUCTURE
SPECIFICATION
Name: Designer: Location: Structural Type: Function: Crosses: Puente de Alamillo, Alamillo Bridge, Harp Bridge, Santiago Calatrava Seville, Andalusia, Spain Asymmetrical Cable-stayed Bridge, Inclined Pylon, No Backstay Road bridge, Pedestrian and Motor Bridge Guadalquivir River
Duration:
Materials:
1987 - 1992
Cables: Pylon: Deck: Steels Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete
Dimensions:
ALAMILLO BRIDGE
INTRODUCTION
Santiago Calatrava merges the boundaries between engineering and architecture, art and function. He has gained an international reputation for integrating technology and aesthetics, producing dynamic structural forms that challenge traditional practice in both architecture and engineering.
BRIEF
BACKGROUND
Commissioned for the World Fair, Expo '92, to serve as its main entrance. This static concept can be traced back to the 1986 sculpture by Calatrava entitled 'Running Torso', in which inclined stacked marble cubes are balanced by a tensioned wire.
The core of the tower contains a service stair to the top.
BRIEF
BACKGROUND
Originally consisted of two mirrored bridges to create symmetry. For political reasons, an asymmetrical solution was decided upon.
CONCEPTUAL
IDEA
DESIGN
CONCEPT
Calatrava is inspired by natural forms in movement waves undulating, trees bending to the wind, flower petals opening. Especially, he focuses on the human body.
One draws the human body to understand the movement, the gesture. The space, the landscape, the human landscape, and topology are important for me. These will inspire or bring the essence to a project. So, for myself I venerate the human body.
CONCEPTUAL
IDEA
DESIGN
CONCEPT
The Alamillo Bridge Completed in just thirty-one months for the 1992 Worlds Fair in Seville, Spain, was instantly recognized as a landmark, joining the list of numerous memorable historic structures in this remarkable city.
In the case if the Alamillo Bridge, the images a Harp, a ships mast, a swan might come to mind. Deeper reflection, however, on the structural raison detre of the bridge carrying horizontal weight requires a more robust metaphor. The simple image of the human body bearing a weight on its back recasts our perception of the bridge by the strong relationship between the cables and the horizontal deck.
STRUCTURAL
CONCEPT
Calatrava tries to express the kinetic movement of the static members in a structure. In the Alamillo Bridge, he shows his intention strongly with the concrete-filled steel pylon inclined at 58 degrees. He had the pylon that is divided with several pieces and accumulated for the structural solution and allowed the weight of the pylon to counterbalance the deck. He created a new type of cable-stayed bridge. Spanning 200 meters, thirteen pairs of stay cables support a hexagonal, steel bow beam over the Meandro San Jeronimo River.
KINETIC VS.
STATIC
STRUCTURAL
CONCEPT
1> ASYMMETRIC
INCLINED PYLON
CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
It makes a counter-force and enhances the asymmetry International geometric arrangement of the return anchorage cables
STRUCTURAL
CONCEPT
The concept design was based on the balanced cantilever method. It was intended to erect segments of the bridge deck and the tower so that they balanced so as the deck grew outwards from the tower so the tower grew upwards. The construction designers and advisors showed that this was too risky - proper safety levels could not be reached. They realised it was possible to backfill part of the river underneath the bridge and erect temporary supports.
STRUCTURAL
CONCEPT
The sequence was as follows:
1. Construct the foundations and the lower concrete part of the tower. 2. Backfill part of the river 3. Construct temporary piers 4. Erect the steel box girder using the temporary suports. Weld into place the steel ribs onto the box 5. Construct the four lower segments of the tower . 6. Continue to erect the tower and tension the cables 7. The total construction time was 2 years
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
DISTRIBUTED LOAD OF ROAD DECK CABLE STAYS IN TENSION CONNECT ROAD DECK TO PYLON DISTRIBUTED LOAD OF ANGLED PYLON
REACTIONS
BRIDGE DECK
The bridge deck is designed as a metal structure and consists of a central platform and hexagonal anchorages where the cables attach. In this platform, metal ribs leave some 4 meters on both sides, which rests on a slab of concrete that functions as the road; there are two roads of three lanes each. Mast and bridge deck are embedded in a solid base of concrete, anchored by 54 pillars of 2 m in diameter and 48 m deep. These pillars is compensate for movements experienced by the mast and bridge deck. The device is made through the corresponding transitions between the concrete and metal
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
ROOF
DECK
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
ROOF
DECK
CABLES
The cables are made up of 60 cords of 6 inches in diameter each, except the last couple of 291m in length, consisting of only 45 cords. The cords are protected by epoxy resin, and the cable is surrounded by a sheath of high density polyethylene injected into the anchorages.
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
CONNECTION
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
CONNECTION
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
PYLON - GIRDER
CONNECTION
Rigid connection Gusset plates Loads transmitted through drilled piers to soil.
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
ARRANGEMENT OF PYLON
REINFORCEMENT BARS
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
CONNECTION
Compression wedge connections Equal tension in all cables Installed prior to concrete fill
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
CONNECTION
ADDITIONAL DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
TYPICAL NEED FOR BACK SUPPORTS IN ASYMMETRIC BRIDGES
ANALYSIS REVIEW
"It is phallic, but I was mainly concerned with the lightness of traversing the river,"
- Santiago Calatrava
VIEWS
As seen from central Seville
VIEWS
close up of deck
Bridge deck - with transverse steel ribs under and cable supports over
VIEWS
the leaning tower
as seen from base of tower footway on right and east to west traffic on left
VIEWS
pedestrian's view
Bridge deck - with transverse steel ribs under and cable supports over
VIEWS
VIEWS
VIEWS
welded junction of ribs to box girder
THANK
YOU