E-Waste: The Latest

Contributor to Environmental Degradation

Group-8 Ashish Majumdar (PGP04057) Prithiviraj M Das (PGP04079) Shagun Chaudhry (PGP04090) Tripti Sharma (PGP04097)

Electronic components that are disposed off in an inappropriate manner

comprises of wastes generated from used electronic devices and house hold appliances which are not fit for their original intended use Contains over 1000 different substances many of which are toxic and potentially hazardous to environment and human health

Electronic tools Medical devices Monitoring and control instruments Entertainment electronics IT and telecommunication equipment Household appliances

10% 14% 42% 34%

Brigade Road, Bangalore. The city produces around 20,000 tons of e-waste per year and the figure's rising at 20% rate each year.

E-Waste Component
Cathode ray tubes (used in TVs, computer monitors, ATM, video cameras, and more)

Process Used

Potential Environmental Hazard

Lead, barium and other heavy metals Breaking and removal of yoke, leaching into the ground water and then dumping release of toxic phosphor

Printed circuit board (image behind table - a thin plate on which chips and other electronic components are placed)

De-soldering and removal of computer chips; open burning and acid baths to remove final metals after chips are removed.

Air emissions as well as discharge into rivers of glass dust, tin, lead, brominated dioxin, beryllium cadmium, and mercury

E-Waste Component

Process Used

Potential Environmental Hazard

Chips and other gold plated components

Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, brominated substances discharged Chemical stripping using nitric directly into rives acidifying fish and and hydrochloric acid and flora. Tin and lead contamination of burning of chips surface and groundwater. Air emissions of brominated dioxins, heavy metals and hydrocarbons Emissions of brominated dioxins, heavy metals and hydrocarbons

Plastics from printers, keyboards, Shredding and low temp monitors, etc. melting to be reused Computer wires

Open burning and stripping to Hydrocarbon ashes released into air, remove copper water and soil.

Importing large quantity of second hand devices Many ports like Chennai port are found to be deluged with e-waste import

No source of accurate estimates of the quantity of e-waste generated and recycled

Low level of awareness among manufacturers and consumers Improper techniques such as acid leaching and open air burning are used Inefficient recycling processes that causes the substantial loss of material value Improper dumping after getting the precious metals

Stakeholder Ecosystem
Producers

E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2011

Collection of E-waste during manufacture and end of life

Setting up collection centers or take back systems

Financing and organizing a system to meet the cost of environmentally sound management of the system

Provide contact details to facilitate collection

Creating awareness by publications, advertising, posters

 Six hazardous chemicals - Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers are banned in electronic and electrical equipment

Better infrastructure

Create awareness

Resource mobilization

Monitoring and evaluation

 Carry out baseline surveys and analysis of the E-waste threat Develop sustainable models for E-waste management Encourage set up facilities to handle refurbishment of unwanted electrical and electronics equipment and recycling Develop incentives for establishment of sustainable E-waste disposal agencies through mutually beneficial reuse and recycling schemes

 Establish centers for training the required human resources

Develop and popularize change management program for leaders of government and private sector institutions to embrace proper E-waste management
Develop and implement awareness campaign strategy to create general vigilance about the issues of E-waste management and ensure that the people understand to safely dispose E-waste Ensure procurement of environmentally friendly electric and electronic equipment

Educate about mainstream e-waste issues at all levels in education curriculum

 Increase budgetary allocation to the initiatives targeted at reducing E-waste risks Set up an E-waste fund , to be collected from sellers and buyers of electronic equipment

Applying advanced recycling fee that requires consumers to pay a recycling fee when purchasing an electronic equipment, this fee takes care of recycling the equipment once it reaches end of life
Put in place mechanism for resource mobilization from development partners

 E-waste Policy will require constant monitoring and evaluation

Annual surveys should be carried to gather statistics about E-waste management to ensure proper implementation of policies enforced and awareness created

Regular evaluations to be carried to ensure effectiveness

Reduce ,Reuse and Recycle Create markets for the sale of used electronics Online forum for the exchange of working electronics or components Recycling electronic waste can be source of income for people with few alternative economic options Create an open-source database of best practices for managing different types of e-waste

There should have a system of collection and channelization in a place with proper regulatory mechanisms. Collection canters can be created so that e-waste material can be accumulated at one place. All Central & State govt. departments, PSUs and other bulk consumer should channelize their e-waste disposal so as to safeguard and protect the environment. Government can provide incentive to set-up E-waste processing units for quick disposal. Giving incentives for setting up more units within the same state - movement of material can be avoided and the disposal can be ensured in a environmentally sound process which will also ensure higher revenue to the state. There should be a pragmatic approach for fixation of Reserve Price of such E-waste material because most of Government Dep't and PSUs is generally on the higher side.

Thank You

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