Chapter 15

Magnetic Circuits and Transformers

Forces and Laws of Physics

Lorentz Force
The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field is proportional to the charge, velocity, and magnetic field strength.

Faradays Law
Currents can be induced in wires by a changing magnetic fields.

Lenzs Law
The induced currents in a conductor are in such a direction as to oppose the change in magnetic field that produces them

Amperes Law
The line integral of the magnetic field intensity around a closed path is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents flowing through the area enclosed by the path.

Magnetic Compass
Desktop Demo
Try to balance a disk magnet on its side in your desk. Try to suspend a magnet from a thread.

Lorentz Force Motor

Construct the simple motor shown in the figure. Put the magnet on the head of your nail. Touch the sharp end of the nail to the negative side of the battery. Hold the wire to the positive side of the battery. Lightly touch the wire to the edge of the magnet.
1 Short Wire 1 D Cell Battery 1 Nail or Screw 1 Disk Magnet

What are things that you can do to change the direction of the motor? How can you increase the speed of the motor? Note: The magnets are about 50 cents each and are available at www.rare-earth-magnets.com

Chapter 15
Magnetic Circuits and Transformers

Lorentz Force
the force on a move charge in a magnetic field
right hand rule force on electrons force on current carrying wires
Desktop Demo

What are two ways that you can change the direction of the Lorentz force on a wire?

f qu B

f i B

f quB sin

Lorentz Force Motor

Construct the motor below.

How do you create a Magnetic Field?

Answer:
move electrical charges

Draw the magnetic field lines for the following:

A Current Carrying Wire A Current Carrying Loop An atom A Permanent Magnet The Earth A Coil of Wire
a.k.a. an Electromagnet, Solenoid, or Inductor

Chapter 15
Magnetic Circuits and Transformers

Faradays Law Examples

Currents can be induced in wires by a changing magnetic fields.
Horseshoe magnet, rotating coil, crankshaft Magnet, coil, oscilloscope Faradays Flashlight

How do power plants create AC power?

Faradays Law Currents can be induced in wires by a changing magnetic fields.
1. Move a magnet near a coil of wire 2. Move a coil near a magnet.

How do power plants move the magnet or coil?

They are rotated on a shaft by a water wheel in a hydroelectric dam a large diesel engine or a gas turbine But in most cases, the thing spinning the generator is a steam turbine.
The steam might be created by burning coal, oil or natural gas. Or the steam may come from a nuclear reactor.

How does a transformer work?

1. An AC current in the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field in the iron core. 2. This changing magnetic field induces a current in the secondary coil as described by Faradays Law.

Transformers
3D Drawings (Cylinder and Block) Circuit Symbol Transformer Makers Equations

V2 rms N 2 I 1rms V1rms N 1 I 2 rms

What is a step-up transformer?

V2 rms N 2 1 V1rms N 1
What is a step-down transformer?

V2 rms N 2 1 V1rms N 1

Center-tap Transformer

How does a jumping ring work?

Lenzs Law The induced currents in a conductor are in such a direction as to oppose the change in magnetic field that produces them..
Demo - Refrigerator Draw Picture

How does and inductor impede current?

Lenzs Law The induced currents in a conductor are in such a direction as to oppose the change in magnetic field that produces them..

How do you calculate inductance?

L = Inductance in Henries N = Number of Turns = Length of the Core A = Area of the Core m = Permeability of the Core =mr mo mo = 4p 10-7 H/m

mAN L

Applications: Stoplight Car Detectors and Metal Detectors

Amperes Law Examples

Find the magnetic field strength for each of the following: 1. 2. 3. Example 15.1 - A Long Straight Wire Example 15.2 - A Toroidal Coil Solenoid

B d l m i

Did we do these Demos?

Break a Transformer Cool the Jumping Ring Open a DC Power Supply Investigate a Tesla Coil Dr. Ts Faradays Law Demo
2 springs, 2 magnets, 2 coils

Moving a wire in a magnetic field

Chapter 16
DC Machines

Just the basics

Electric Motor
Stator
Stationary part

Rotor
Rotation part connect to a shaft

What role does a brush play in a motor?

Answer: Changes the direction of the current with the help of a commutator.

The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination

Becoming a Professional Engineer (PE) PE Examination for PE License One goal of this course is to supply you with enough knowledge to pass the PE Exam. See Appendix C for an example. Some of these questions will appear on the final exam in a modified form.

Take Home Demo

Zip Lock Bags Write Names on Bags Include Printed Instructions Disk Magnet D Cell Battery Screw Paperclips Rubber Bands 6 Wire with Plastic Insulation 30cm Wire with Varnish