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Polimiozita - Dermatomiozita
Boal inflamatorie nesupurativ a muchiului striat implic modificri inflamatorii i degenerative (muchi + piele) rezult n final atrofii i contracturi musculare - Polimiozita = afectare numai muscular - Dermatoizita = af. muscular + cutanat caracteristic Inciden : orice vrst, max. : - copii 5-15a (miozit as. Boli colagen) - 40-60a (F/B = 2/1) - peste 60a = paraneoplazie
Patogeneza : imun mediat celular (PM)/umoral (DM) a) PM : celular LTcCD8+ ntre miocitele care exprim HLA-cls. I - absena afectrii vasculare - auto- Ac v. ARNt sintetatz (Jo1, Pl7) virusuri (mimetism molecular) b) DM : umoral - LB perivascular + C3, LTh = ntre cel./fibre musculare - afectare microvascularnecroz, distrucia capilarelor, fibrelor musculare - inflamaie
Anatomie patologic : af. fibrei musculare striate, rar miocardice degenerescen vascular, necroz miofibrilar, II cu L, P1, Mcf: peri-fibr muscular (PM) sau vascular (DM) angeit sever (DM) : piele, ? subcutanat, GI (tromboze, microinfracte) tardiv : fibroz, atrofie perifascicular, calcificri musculare NU : musculatur neted, m. Extremitilor (mini, picior, fa)
Simptomatologie : Manif. generale : tip infecios/debut febril, G, inapeten, S. Raynaud (lent) Af. muscular : disfuncie/astemnie muscular, I F musculare lent (s, 1) af. simetric, proximal
= c. pelvin/c. scapular
C. pelvin : dificultate n flexia
coapsei/abdomen
urcat/cobort scara
Ex. Obiectiv :
Cutanat :
rash = fa, scalp, ceaf periorbitar edem vviolaceu al pleoapelor (ochelari) n V pe gt erupii eritemato-masculo-papuloase MCF, IFP = semnul Gottron
calcificri s.c.
S. Raynaud (10%)
Cardiac : rar, miozit + miocardit (T ritm/conducere) IC ( miocardit/HTP) Ac anti-SRP ( particul semnal de recunoatere) Pulmonar : Hipoventilaie (astenie m. Respiratori) Br. Pn, de aspiraie PIF = ac anti Jo. 1 Digestiv : difagie, tranzit lent, ulceraii Articulaii : rar (25%-50%)
Forme clinice :
1. PM idiopatic primar a adultului : debut insidios, clasic NU manif. cutanate Ac anti-SRP = boal sever + cord
(overlap sindrom):
LES, SD, BMTC, S. Sjgren, vasculite
Laborator :
Biologie : VSH, alfa -2 globuline, CPR frecvent N ( n NEO/b. imune) ( VSH nu se coreleaz cu severitatea bolii n DM), CIC+, FR+ Enzime musculare : CPK-MM peste 10x (N = inhibitor circ../tardiv/neo)
LDH, aldolaza
mioglobin, ac. carboxiglutamic (DM)
Diagnostic +: 1. Astenie muscular somatic (centuri/flexori anteriori gt simetric/progresiv disfagie/af. m. respiratori) 2. Dureri i sensibilitate n m. Afectai 3. CPK-MM 4. EMG = miopatie inflamatorie 5. Biopsie + = necroz f. musc. /II/atrofie perifascicalar 6. Auto Ac-specifici 7. Manif. Dermatologice (DM): edem periorbitar, s. Gottron
Tratament : a) Corticoterapie : P= 1-2mg/kc/zi 2-41 (DM)/61 (PM) pn la ameliorarea clinic/biologic/EMG apoi doz de ntreinere 2-3 ani plusterapie n forme severe Ineficien : doz insuficient, rapid, eroare diagnostic, neo Astenie muscular = recidiv-accentuare la I P miopatie CST-predomin m.iInf. CPK =N ameliorare la, P
b) Imunosupresoare : (+/- P) MTX 7.5 25/50mg/s x 6-12 luni AZA 2mg/Kc/zi Ciclofosfamid 2-4 mg/Kc/zi/ plusterapie NU la copil c) Plasmaferez mai ales la copii cu vasculit d) Kinetoterapie recuperare e) NEO- cura tumorii