In the Name of God

:

.


.
NDT
.

Manufacturing processes

Casting
Rolling
Forging
Welding
Extrusion
Drawing
Powder metallurgy

Casting processes:

Sand casting
Permanent mould casting
Die casting Hot chamber die casting
Cold chamber die casting
Centrifugal casting
Investment casting
Shell mould casting
Continuous casting

Casting Defects

Porosity
Blowholes
Piping
Inclusion
Sponginess shrinkage
Filamentary shrinkage
Hot tear
Cracks

Cold shuts
Unfused chaplet
Misplaced core
Segregation

Casting

Rolling

Welding Methods

Shielded metal arc welding

(SMAW)
Tungsten arc welding (TIG)
Metal inert gas welding
(MIG)
Metal active gas welding
(MAG)
Flux cored arc welding
Stud welding
Submerge arc welding (SAW)
Electro slag welding

Resistance welding
Electron beam welding
Laser beam welding
Explosive welding
Diffusion welding
Friction welding
Flash welding
Oxyfuel gas welding

Forging and Rolling Defects:

Lamination
Seams
Forging laps
Center burst and external burst
Clink (Thermal cracks)
Hairline cracks (Flakes)
Hot tear
Stringer
pipe

):(Non Destructive Testing

.

.

 :

:
-1 Visual Inspection
-2 Magnetic Particle
-3 Dye Penetration
-4 Eddy Current
-5 Radiography
-6 Ultrasonic

 )(MT
( ).

( 6 ) .

 )(MT
:
( ).
.
- .

( )

.


-1

-2

Prod

Yoke


Yoke


Prod

 MT

 MT

 )(PT
.

- .

 )(PT
:
) (Liquid Penetrant .

. - ) (Developer .

 )(PT
:
-1 Visible
-2

UV
.

 PT

(PT)
:

Water washable -1
Post emulsifiable -2
Solvent removable -3

(PT)
:

1. Post emulsifiable fluorescent dye penetrant

2. Solvent removable fluorescent dye penetrant
3. Water washable fluorescent dye penetrant
4. Post emulsifiable visible dye penetrant
5. Solvent removable visible dye penetrant
6. Water washable visible dye penetrant

 PT

 PT

 Eddy Current
) (Sorting
( ) (
) .

- .

 Eddy Current
:
.

.

 Eddy Current
:ET
-1 : Internal
.
-2 : Encircling
.
-3 :
.

 Eddy Current
:ET

Scanning

 Eddy Current
:ET

( )

 Ultrasonic
:

( 6 7 )

 Ultrasonic
) (0.5-20MHz (
20Hz 20kHz).
.

 Ultrasonic
:
:

Pulse echo
)(Pulse transmission

:Pulse echo

Ultrasonic
Testing

 Ultrasonic

.
:
- .

- -
.

 Ultrasonic
:UT

( 6 7 )

 Ultrasonic
:UT

.
.

Radiography

Schematic of a typical X-Ray tube

X-ray tube

Industrial application

Radiation absorption

Radiation absorption

Wire type IQI

Flat type IQI

Film cassette

Non Conventional NDT methods

: Acoustic Emission


.

: (Thermal & infrared testing) Thermography

-
.

: Dynamic Testing & Vibration Analysis

...

: Stress Sensing

.

: Pressure & Leak Testing

30

Hydrostatic Testing
Bubble Testing
Helium Leak Testing
Halogen Leak Testing
Sonic Leak Testing

: Composition & Analysis

X .

.

Neutron Radiography & Mobile Neutron

Radiography

.

: Holography
Laser .

Laser Shearography &Acousto Ultrasonic

( )
.

Long Range Ultrasonic

30
.

Remote Field
Internet
. Level III

: Digital Radiography

: Corrosion Monitoring
...

Innovation in NDT

Corrosion thickness gages

Precision thickness gages

Epoch flaw detectors

Omni Scan portable modular NDT

instrument

Probe for tube inspection

Probes and transducers for

aircraft inspection

Automated
Corrosion inspection

The information in this document is strictly confidential

All rights reserved by 3DC

Subsection NCA : General Requirements For Division 1 & Division 2

Subsection NB : Class 1 Components

Subsection NC : Class 2 Components

Sec III

Subsection ND : Class 3 Components

Division 1

Subsection NE : Class MC Components

Subsection NF : Component Supports
Subsection NG : Core Support Structures
Appendices

Division 2 : Code For Concrete Reactor Vessels & Containments

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.

.

. NDT
) (Mandatory .