Ammonia and Its Salts

PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA USES OF AMMONIA MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA

Proudly done by : Hisyam See & Fadhlie

Group Members

Prepared by : Hisyam See

Uses of Ammonia
Making of fertilisers Manufacture nitric acid Revive fainted people

Electrolyte in dry cells

Synthetic fibres

Making of explosives

Prevent coagulation

Cooling agent

Uses of Ammonia
To manufacture nitrogenous fertiliser needed for plant growth.
The nitrogenous fertilisers

As raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid.

Ammonia is used to make

are actually ammonium salts obtained from neutralisation of ammonia with different acids. These fertilisers include :
(a)Ammonium phosphate (b)Ammonium nitrate (c)Ammonium sulphate (d)Urea

nitric acid through Ostwald process.

Uses of Ammonia
As a cooling agent in refrigerators.
Liquid ammonia is used

To prevent coagulation of latex.

Ammonia can neutralise

as cooling agent in refrigerator because ammonia is highly compressible and has a high heat capacity.

the acid produced by bacteria in the latex, thus preventing latex from coagulating and can be exported in the liquid form.

Prepared by : Mohd Fadhlie Hafiz

Ammonia?
has a pungent smell

is alkaline

is a colourless gas

is less dense than air

burns in oxygen gas, O2 but not in the air

gives a white fune when reacted with hydrogen chloride gas, HCl.

is very soluble in water

Properties of Ammonia
Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali. Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.

Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acid to form ammonium sulphate.

2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form dense white fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as a test for detecting ammonia gas.

NH3(g) + HCl(g)

NH2Cl(s)

Prepared by : Hisyam See

How was the Ammonia being manufactured?

through Haber Process.

Haber Process
Was invented in

1918 by a Noble Prize winner, Fritz Haber (1868-1934). This reaction makes ammonia out of hydrogen and nitrogen. The nitrogen comes from the air (78% N).

The Haber Process

The Haber process is a reversible reaction. A reversible reaction is one where the products of

the reaction can themselves react to produce the original reactants.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)

Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1

The conditions below are needed in manufacturing Ammonia.

Temperature Pressure Catalyst : 450C : 200 atm : Iron

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <----> 2NH3 (g)

Haber Process Manufacture of Ammonia

Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3 through the Haber Process

Air

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

Natural Gas

The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm and heated to about 450C. The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed over a catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia is formed. About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving the catalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixture is cooled, the ammonia turns into a liquid.

The unreacted Nitrogen and Hydrogen are recycled.

Liquid Ammonia !

Copy this in your notebook!

Key facts 1. 2. 3. 4. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio Because the reaction is reversible not all the nitrogen and hydrogen will convert to ammonia. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and liquefies in the condenser The H and N which do not react are passed through the system again so they are not wasted.

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