One

of the most common electronics components. is a device that limits, resist the current. Resistance is measured in ohms, represented by the Greek symbol Omega ()

Precision Wire-wound Power wire-wound Fuse resistor Carbon composition Carbon film Metal film Foil Filament Wound Power Film Resistor

Most of the resistor used in electronics have fixed values, but resistor can also be made which have controlled, variable resistance. These are sometimes called pots, and theyre used for tasks like the volume control on a Hi-Fi amplifier.

1. Linear Resistor - Those which obey ohms law. 2. Non-linear Resistor - Consist of 3 types in common use: a. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) - Light Sensistive b. Thermistor -heat sensitive c. Voltage-dependent resistor

According to type of materials

Carbon composition Carbon film Metal film Wire wound General purpose, 5% or greater Semi-precision, 1% to 5% Precision, 0.5% to 1% Ultra-precision, less than 0.5%

According to tolerance

 Are

made either by hot or cold molding from mixtures of carbon and clay binder
Low-cost reliability (general purpose

application) Resistive tolerance of 5% to 20% Resistive value range from 10 to M Power rating from 1/8 to 4Watts

 Have

two main characteristics, resistance and power rating. Made from carbon graphite, mixed powdered insulating materials.
Resistance value from 10 to 100M Power rating from 1/8W to 5W. High tolerance, using low power

 The

standard film resistor The chip resistor The network resistor

circular resistor with two pins extending from opposite sides or the barrelshaped resistor.

 This

type of resistor was introduced in the late 80s to accommodate for the ever shrinking computer components where there can be up to 6 layers per circuit board.

 This

type of resistor comes in compact form and can contain up to 12 resistors in a compact space.

Formed by means of vacuum decomposition, a process by which any of a number of different metal or metal oxide films are decomposited on a suitable insulating mandrel or core

 Highly

resistive wire is wrapped around insulating core. The length of the wire determines the resistance of the device. Insulating cores made of cement or ceramic materials or just plain paper or pressed cardboard.

 Provide

low resistance with high wattage rating from 5 to 100W or more. Best choice in applications where accurate and stable resistance are necessary.

 Are

wound with the best quality copper/nickel or nickel/chromium alloy resistance wire having negligible temperature coefficient. Insulation test 2000V A.C.

 Are

manufactured in a wide range starting from 1W to 5000W. These may be open type, perforated type and graded type. Standard tolerance is 10% but closer tolerance can also be supplied.

 May

be carbon or wire wound. It is enclosed in a metal case with a shaft extending outside the case for variable control. It may also be tapered (rotary motion) or sliding. Resistance varies from zero to the maximum controls or trimmers where controlled amount of current or voltage is needed.

Used for volume control for audio appliances and varying voltage, current, light intensity, motor speed, etc.

Single turn
Used fro gain, treble, base control in

amplifier, brightness, contrast in TV.

Multiple Turn
Used for precise setting of resistance

Trimmer
Used for one time resistance

adjustment

 Has

a high resistance in the absence of light but has a reduced resistance when light is directed on its surface.

 Used

in automatic street light switching or parking light control and other purpose using light or dim source.

 Resistance

temperature. Can be either Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) or Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC).

is

determined

by

 The

resistance goes down when the temperature goes up.

 Resistance

goes up as the temperature goes down.

 Are

sometimes called Metrosil. with

Resistance

which decreases increase of applied voltage..

This

change of resistance is not linear; doubling the voltage can decrease the resistance to one-tenth of its original value.

 Used

in the suppression of voltage surges to protect other circuits, and they are usually in the form of a disc which is color coded by the manufacturer to indicate the reference voltage.

Open Out of Tolerance Noise Control (for Potentiometer)

 This

means that the resistor offers a very high or infinite resistance, which does not allow any current to flow through it.

 When

a resistor functions as a load or a limiting device, usually it generates heat and changes its resistance value beyond the tolerance, giving a high resistance reading beyond color coded value.

 In

volume or tone control, carbon resistor are used, since these offer smooth change in resistance. However, when resistance elements start wearing out because of the sweeping of the wiper, which results to loose contact of the wiper to the resistance element, the control becomes noisy.

1st BAND

2nd BAND

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

Orange Green

Yellow Blue

Brown Brown

Gold Gold

Yellow
Orange Brown Green Blue White Red

Violet
White Gray Blue Gray Blue Violet

Orange
Yellow Green Black Red Gray Yellow

Gold
Gold Gold Gold Silver Yellow None

Blue

Brown

White

Brown

Resistor Value

1st BAND

2nd BAND

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

12M5%
12K10%

10M2%
21K1%

3.2M2%
23K3%

60020%
5700010%

Resistor Value

1st BAND

2nd BAND

3RD BAND

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

Brown White Red Violet Blue Gray Blue

Orange Yellow Green Yellow Blue Violet Gray Blue Gray Blue

Brown Silver Gold Green Gold Red Silver

Gold Red Gold Yellow Gold Silver Yellow

Orange Brown

Orange White Green Blue White

Yellow Brown

Resistor Value

1st BAND

2nd BAND

3RD BAND

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

213M20% 23.10k3% 100k2%

1.2510%
62.04% 74.503% 9.185% 128K10%

Resistor Value

1st BAND

2nd BAND

3RD BAND

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

103k10% 29.1M3% 1000k5% 99.9k2% 8804% 79005% 45000001 % 12M10%

Resistor Value

1st BAND

2nd BAND

3RD BAND

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

1k2% 1M3% 1.78k2% 101k20% 1k4%

7.925% 1000k10%
7.13M1% 222M3%

CODES

MULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE

F G J K M R

---------1000 1000000 ----

1% 2% 5% 10% 20% ----

Rated Codes 2K2 J 1K92 F 19K3 M 2M8 G

Values