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Manometer
A manometer is an device employed to
measure pressure.
gas in the system exerts a force on the mercury. The net result is that the column of mercury in the left (sealed) tube is higher than that in the right (unsealed) tube. The difference in the heights of the columns of mercury is a measure of the pressure of gas in the system.
left column of mercury corresponds to 875 mm on the scale. The top of the right column of mercury corresponds to 115 mm. The difference in heights is 875 mm 115 mm = 760. mm, which indicates that the pressure is 760. mm Hg or 760. torr.
the use of millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) as a unit of pressure. Today 1 mm Hg is called 1 torr. A pressure of 1 torr or 1 mm Hg is literally the pressure that produces a 1 mm difference in the heights of the two columns of mercury in a manometer.
F=mg In this equation, m is the mass of mercury in the column and g = 9.80665 m/sec2 is the gravitational acceleration. This force is distributed over the cross-sectional area of the column ( A ). The pressure resulting from the column of mercury is thus P= mg/ A
product of the density of mercury ( dHg ) and the volume of mercury ( V ). For a cylindrical column of mercury, the volume of mercury is the product of the crosssectional area and the height of the column ( h ). These relationships product the following equation. P= mg/ A= dHgVg/ A=dHgAhg/A=dHghg
pd = (9.8 kN/m3) (103 N/kN) (10 mm) (10-3 m/mm) = 98 N/m2 (Pa) where
9.8 (kN/m3) is the specific weight of water in SI-units.
We use the same data as in the example above, except that the U-Tube is inclined to 45o. The pressure difference head can then be expressed as:
pd = (9.8 kN/m3) (103 N/kN) (10 mm) (103 m/mm) sin(45) = 69.3 N/m2 (Pa)