Management Philosophy or Science

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Overview

What is management ?
Management : Art or Science ? Management is everywhere - office, hospital, school, Finance, trust etc., James A. F. says Management is the process of Planning, Organizing Leading and Controlling efforts of organization members and of using all other organizational resources (human, financial, physical, and information) to achieve predetermined Organizational goals. It is objective-oriented. We always have a doubt whether it is an art or science.

Management as a philosophy
It is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. Management is taking inputs, transforming them into outputeither a good or service; the effectiveness of this transforming the input into output depends on the Management - especially when the resources are scarce; It is a group activity; motivating others and getting the things done within the stipulated time, without compromising on the quality of the result; it gives shape and color to the great ideas of the manager; Management involves dealing with people who have different understanding, sensitivity, knowledge, capability, responsibility, maturity.

 Management is an art is not a science because in management your task is to betterly manage human resources and organizational matters in your circle of command & control. in science you do not do this job. if you see science definition is entirely different from management and i am studying this topic for more accurate answer of this question. management is art of implementing.

Management as a science
The science is in how you do that. Science is a collection of systematic knowledge, collection of truths and Inferences after continuous study and experiments. The Relationship between Variables and Limits are defined and the Fundamental Principles discovered.

Science has got three specific characters : 1. It is a systematic and organized knowledge and based on scientific methods of observation. 2. Inferences are arrived after continuous observation and experiments; 3. It has logical principles which are well defined and are Universally applicable without any limitations.

 It is science because your performance is measured and results are visible. For performance there would be some system in vogue on the basis of which your Organization is assessed and graded. so these all are scientific jobs that could be measured in quantitive formats. management is science of planning.

Management as a science
management is a science, because there exist some scientific principles and rules (such as Taylor's scientific management theories and Weber's administration of social and economic organization) that can be applied for improving the productivity and/or efficiency of organizations, profit or nonprofit, private or public (Taylor, 1911; Weber, 1947).

Management as an art
A considerable group of people view management as an art. The reasons are not only because no management theory or approach can guarantee successful practical action of a social or economic organization in practice, but also because these people have advocated or overemphasized personal intuition and other personal irrational factors such as emotion and hunches in decision-making and management. In reality, management heroes, like Microsoft's William Gates and GE's Jack Welch and their top-down managerial strategy have enhanced this idea (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995). Both views of management, as a science or as an art, can provide ample evidence to support their viewpoints, and they all seem correct and reasonable from their perspective. However, some people also think management is neither a science nor an art, but a political game. The criterion is in the mind of speakers.

Management is more an art than science

Management is more an art than science because the parameters of uncertainty is more. The factors to be considered in each situation is unique. A methodology that works perfectly in one place can be a disaster in another.

Management is both an art and science

Management is both an art and science. Almost anyone can learn how to be a manager but the art of it is to become a great manager. Anyone can see the results of a bad manager easy enough but what happens when you have a good manager in circumstances that heavily tax his ability to manage? What happens when the good manager under too much stress for too long has a bad day? The answer may be that he becomes a bad manager. What happens to a great manager when he faces hardships that would crush most managers? He innovates he takes the weaknesses of his situation and tries to make them strengths. In the hardest times is when you find the greatest managers and these managers bring this science to an art form

Management is both an art and science

Management is both art and science. its an art because one needs to have all d managerial quality to do his or her duties. one should have the ability or proper way of implementing ones managerial skills . its also a science because a manager got to implement his skills with some methods and procedures which have been proved to be useful before and must apply his technical ability to implement the same

 Management is a art and science because science is a process of getting knowledge through experiment or practical and that gated knowledge use in practical activities is an art therefore we can say that management is an art and science both.