ACOUSTIC POSITIONING SYSTEM

Group members: Mohammad Fazrul Shafiq Bin Alias

Muhamad Syazwan Syah Bin Adnan

Mohamad Hafizuddin Bin Rakabay Muhamad Aminuddin Bin M.Yusoff Muhamad Hilman Bin Hisamudin Fatin Najwa Binti Md Jais Nur Fatin Amiera Binti Razali Noor Shafiqah Binti Samsuri Siti Ramizah Binti Ismail

INTRODUCTION

 Radio signals used by surface positioning systems are absorbed by water, as a result acoustic signals are the preferred technology for in water signalling. Acoustic method usually used for positioning at offshore and deep water sea.

This positioning method calculate distance by recording transmitted and received back pulse.
The main factor in this method is the accuracy of sound velocity in the water column.

The acoustic positioning system not measure distance but it measure the time.
Example of Acoustic positioning system in field work: 1. 2. 3. 4. Tow fish tracking Bundle Tows Civil Engineering Vessel and Drill Platform

WHAT IS ACOUSTICS USED FOR?

Transfer of position from surface to seabed (most oil industry work relates to drilling and installations on the seabed) Positioning within the water column (Survey Sensors) Relative positioning between locations (relative installations, metrology) Transmission of data (to support positioning and independent sensor data)

INSTRUMENT

position from Acoustic Positioning System to determine the position of the seabed

Used as mark the position in the seabed and transceivers will achieve the signal to determine the position.

Transponder/Beacon

Used to form Acoustic Positioning System rather like the GPS satellite.

TYPE OF TRANSPONDERS
Transponder
It can both receive and transmit signals. More advanced, transponders can operate autonomously enabling them to measure to other sensors and also position themselves.

Responder
This sensor transmits only. It is called a responder because it transmits in Response to a GO command such as an electrical trigger.

Pinger
A generic term for the most basic of transponders. It transmits continuously and does not require any interrogation or trigger.

Transceivers are typically wired sensors capable of receiving information from, and transmitting information to transponders.

Advanced, multielement transceivers can determine range and bearing and hence calculate the relative position of a transponder

Transceivers

Transceivers can also be used as modems

THREE MAIN METHOD IN ACOUSTIC

SHORT BASELINE (SBL)

Determines beacon position by measuring the relative arrival times at three or more vessel mounted hydrophones

Error in SBL

Platform Alignment Measurement Errors

Range & Offset angles -Timing Errors

LONG BASELINE (LBL)

Determines beacon position by measuring the slant ranges from three or more widely spaced transponder

Ray Bending problems increase as slant range increases

Range Detection timing errors

Error in LBL

Field Calibration errors

UltraShort baseline (USBL)

Determines beacon position by measuring the relative phases of the acoustic signal received by closely spaced elements in a single hydrophone

Ultra short baseline theory of operation:

Hydrophone Alignment measurement errors

Echo Range timing errors

Error in USBL
Tilt Compensation -acceleration

Offset angles phase detection errors

Acoustic accuracies

BENEFIT OF ACOUSTIC METHOD

Operating Model

Advantage

Disadvantage

Short Baseline

Highest Potential Accuracy Accuracy preserved over wider operating area

Requires Multiple Subsea Transponders Must have two-way ranging Update intervals long compared to pinger modes Acoustic ray bending

Long Baseline

Good Potential Accuracy Requires only a single Subsea Pinger/Transponder

Accuracy dependent on shipboard VRU

Ultrashort Baseline

Requires only a single Subsea Pinger/Transponder

Highest Noise susceptibility Accuracy dependent on shipboard VRU

CONCLUSION
Acoustic method is simple and high accuracy that require it to conduct the survey at the deep shore. Acoustic method only measure time and it will put in the formula to get the real coordinates. For high accurancy positioning on the seabed a different type of LBL is used.In this methodology more intelligent transponders are used which are individually addressable and commandable.

REFERENCES
Wikipedia(2013,May 11). Short baseline acoustic positioning. Retrieved February 9,2014, from http://en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/short_baseline_acoustic_positioning_system E.Moller(2012,April 11).Acoustic(Subsea)Positioning System, retrieved February 9,2014 from Hydrofest 2012