COMBINE HARVESTER

Combine harvesting
Features combines cutting, threshing, cleaning and hauling tracks for mobility in wet fields Advantages high capacity low total harvest losses Disadvantages Requires relatively large field sizes Problem in terraced fields

PARTS OF COMBINE HARVESTER

Combine harvester

CROP TIGER COMBINE

COMBINE HARVESTER

PARTS OF A COMBINE
HEADER UNIT FEEDING UNIT THRESHING & SEPERATION UNIT CLEANING UNIT

HEADER UNIT
REEL CUTTERBAR CROSS AUGUR HEADER PLATFORM

REEL

Prevents shattering of crop Moves the crop uniformly towards the cutterbar Holds the crop until it is cut by the cutterbar Reel must be square, level, at proper height and run at right speed Types of reel Bat type 4-6 wooden slats Not suitable for lodged crop Slapping action causes more shattering if the crop is over ripe Tyne type
Spring tyne fitted Angle can be changed Effective for both standing and lodged crop

 Cutterbar

CUTTERBAR

Top serrated knifes Speed: 500 1600 rpm of the crank Speed: 1.2 to 1.5 m/s Height of cut: 5 100 mm (28mm -69mm for crop tiger)

Fixed finger on the cutterbar, through which the knives run Knife blades riveted on a knife strip Drive Bell crank lever Wobble mechanism Stroke: 76.2 mm

Drive to different parts of the combine

AUGER

Made of steel metal Smooth in the centre Screw thread One thread left handed , other right handed At the centre retraceable fingers (pongs) are provided Fingers come out of the housing and moves the crop towards the conveyor Height of the fingers can be adjusted
Wheat: 15 -20 mm Paddy: 15 20 mm

FEEDING UNIT
Takes the crop from cutterbar Tension of the conveyor chain important Lower conveyor shaft floats to move the crop smoothly Insufficient tension may cause jumping of the chain and fast wear of the conveyor

Best setting is when one of the serrated bottom touches the bed

Serrated Feeder channel provided Speed: 2.5 -3 m/s

THRESHING & SEPERATING UNIT

Stone trap Cylinder Concave Rear beater

Types of threshing cylinders

Spike tooth Rasp bar Angle bar type Wire loop type

Principles and types of threshing mechanism

Forces

: Impact Impact and friction Type of threshing elements Cross flow rasp bar cylinder (48-60cm dia) with open grates Axial flow rap bar cylinder Similar to cross flow raspbar but number: 2pair 180 0 apart Material moves several times across the helical path Easy to adjust and maintain Most crop (wheat, maize, rice also) Corrugated Direction of corrugation of one bar is opposite to the other Threshing is done by the front edge of the rasp bar The serrated face aids in separation Spike tooth cylinder If concave has teeth, more combing action No of teeth: 2,4,6 in each slat More positive feeding Requires less power

CONCAVE

Large cylinder dia more concave length Centrifugal force required to separate grain decreases

Concave Impact force important Rubbing force contribute to threshing But holds the crop for impact Opening on the concave allows seed separation A combination of threshing cylinder speed and concave clearance is important Concave clearance important High cylinder speed, less concave clearance &vice versa More moisture content, high cylinder speed and low c.c More concave length more grain separation at a diminishing rate Grain separation can be as high as 90%

X. Concave clearance setting for Y. Concave clearance setting for wheat Rice Lever in E, mm Quadrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 9.5 10 11.5 13 15 18 22 25 A, mm 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8 10 12 Lever in E, mm quadrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 16 20 25 30 A, mm 4 1.5 5 5.5 6 7 8 10 12

10
11

28
31

14
16

10
11

33
38

14
16

Additional cylinder and concave

Types of threshing methods

Tangential threshing
Used in conventional combines For high capacity, additional cylinders use

Rotary threshing
Suitable for corn, rice, soybean More sensitive to crop moisture content

Performance characteristics of rotary and tangential threshing devices

Axial threshing unit has higher power requirement, , higher MOG separation, low grain damage, high throughput

Threshing cylinder speed

Effect of peripheral speed on losses and damage

Low speed, more cylinder loss (unthreshed) More speed more grain damage

Effect of certain factors on cylinder performance

Grain separation

Combine harvesting

Cutting, hauling, threshing, cleaning in one combined operation Capacity: > 0.5 ha/h Labor requirement: 1 Operator Capital cost: > $ 250,000

Jhon Deeree

John Deere

Self propelled combine harvester Capacity:0.75 acre/h, Cost: Rs 15,00,000/-

Self propelled combine harvester Capacity:1.0 acre/h, Cost: Rs 12,00,000/-

Tractor mounted combine harvester Capacity:1.0 acre/h, Cost: Rs 12,00,000/-

Operational parts
Cutting & picking Threshing Separation of seeds & chaff from straw Cleaning the chaff & debris from grains Collection of grains

PARTS OF COMBINE HARVESTER

Cutting and picking unit

Crop divider Reel

Augur Cutterbar

Bat type (4 to 6 wood or metal bats) Less expensive tyne type (pick up type) Reel index: 1.25 1.5 Lodged crop: reel axis ahead of cutterbar (23 to 30 cm)

Header platform conveyor

Speed: 400 550 rpm of the crank Height of cut: 5 100 mm

Principles and types of threshing mechanism Forces :

Impact Impact

and friction Type of threshing material Cross flow rasp bar cylinder (48-60cm dia) with open garates Axial flow rap bar cylinder Similar to cross flow raspbar but number: 2pair 180 0 apart Material moves several times across the helical path Easy to adjust and maintain Spike tooth cylinder If concave has teeth, more combing action No of teeth: 2,4,6 More positive feeding Requires less power Concave Impact force important Rubbing force contribute to threshing But holds the crop for impact

Performance of threshing cylinder

Seed detachment Seed separation

Self propelled fodder harvester

Power: 3.75 kW engine

HARVESTING: It is the operation of cutting, picking, plucking, digging or a combination of these operations for removing the crop from under the ground or above the ground and removing the useful part of fruits from plants. Crop harvesting action can be done by four ways as given below: Slicing action with a sharp tool. Tearing action with a rough serrated edge. High velocity single element impact with sharp or dull edge. Two elements scissors type action.