UNIT 4.

WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
KEY DEVELOPMENT SECTORS WID, WAD & GAD INTEGRATING WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT

KEY DEVELOPMENT SECTORS

Education Health Population Water & Sanitation Employment Forestry Agriculture Environment

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

WELFARE CONCEPT OF DEV: WOMEN IN DEV: WOMEN AND DEV: GENDER AND DEV:

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

1980 Gender awareness means: - To emphasize on both gender male and female - Women have diff: needs from men. - Women have special needs. - Women are disadvantaged as a group. - Ultimately womens dev: requires equality with men.

GAD focuses on:

Women and men in relation to one another. Subordinate status of women to men as core problem, which need to be addressed. Power issues cant be solved without focusing on women issues which are the core. The need to transform unequal class & gender relations by empowering women, disadvantaged groups including men. That gender roles are constructed and therefore can be changed. That visible public sector can only function because it is supported by the invisible domestic sector in which women dominate. That reproductive roles alongside productive roles make equal contribution. That strategies need to be evolved to reduce womens workload.

GENDER NEEDS/INTERESTS
PRACTICAL GENDER NEEDS ( RELATES WITH
WOMENS DAILY NEEDS)

e.g.

Water, health, sanitation, education, housing, labour etc STRATEGIC GENDER NEEDS (TO CHANGE WOMENS SUBORDINATE POSITION) e.g. Gender division of labour, property in womens name, legal rights, day care etc

GENDER & DEV: APPROACH LOOKS AT:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Examines the Male & Female relations. Impact of M & F relations. Forces that perpetuate and change these relations. Beyond the functions of M& F in the society. Integrates women in development. To transform unequal gender relations Empower women. Equal partnership for M & F for a collective future. Women need special support so they participate & benefit from development process 10. Long term empowerment

GAD Analytical tools to make development (planning, implementation etc) effective

1. Sex/Gender Division of Labour 2. Access to and control over resources and benefits. 3. Condition of men and women in the society. 4. Practical and Strategic interests of women and men. 5. Levels of participation.

GENDER PLANNING AND AWARENESS FRAMEWORKS IN PLANNING

GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR TYPE OF WORK ACCESS TO CONTROL OVER RESOURCES AND BENEFITS INFLUENCING FACTORS CONDITIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE IN SOCIETY PRACTICAL NEEDS AND STRATEGIC INTERESTS LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION POTENTIAL FOR TRANSFORMATION

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF GENDER PLANNING

WHAT & WHERE PLANNING WENT WRONG? SEPARATE UNIT/ORGANIZATION TARGETED OR MAINSTREAMING APPROACH MINISTERIAL/STRUCTURAL LOCATION LACK OF COHEREHT/INDIVIDUALPOLICY STATEMENT CONTROL OVER RESOURCES AND LIMITED STAFF LACK OF AWARENESS OF GENDER PLANNING

GOV: of PAKISTAN & GENDER MAINSTREAMING

International commitments: MDGs CEDAW National Commitments Mid-Term Development Framework 2005-10 National Plan of Action MoWD 1998 National Policy for The Development & Empowerment of Women Major initiatives: Gender Reform Action Plan 2004 (National & Provincial) Decentralization Support Program Gender Support Programme 2003-2008