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By : Karisha Sivam

DIE
Hard accurate positive replica of one or few teeth

prepared for receiving restorative appliances Uses: onto which wax pattern & restorations are fabricated for crown, bridges, inlays, onlays

REQUIREMENTS
Non toxic chemically inert Chemically Stable

Strength Abrasieve Resistance Ability to be modiefied Dimensionaly stable Accurate reproduction of fine details Good flow, viscosity Able to be electroformed Suitable working & Setting time

Withstand

temperature Suitable colour


Simple technics Inexpensive

Long storage life

METHODS TO CHANGE DIE DIMENSIONS

Manipulative Variables of gypsum product

Coating surface with diff paints


Coating with thin layer of polymerizing resin Electroforming with silver/copper Coating with special resin paints of diff colours

(silver/gold)

TYPES OF DIE MATERIAL


Type IV Stone Type V Stone

DIE STONES
Die Stone Unfilled (Silky-Rock, Die Stone)
Die Stone Filled (Resinrock, Milestone, Vel-Mix, Die

Keen) Die Stone with Disinfectant (Steri-Die-A) Die Stone & Die Hardener Die Stone & Cyanoacrylic (Super Glue) Die Stone & Cu-plating or Ag-plating

OTHERS:
Epoxy Unfilled (Epoxy-Die, Epoxy Dent) & Filled Urethane Unfilled(Steady-Plast) & Filled Epoxy & Cu-plating

Investment Material-GBI (Divestment + Silicate L)


Self Curing Acrylic Resin Zinc-silico-phosphate Cement

Ceramics
Silver Amalgam Metal-sprayed Dies

TYPE IV STONE
PROPERTIES: Very small setting expansion <0.1% Adequate Strength Surface Hardness = 82RHN ADVANTAGES: Very simple method Compatible with all impression materials Adequate mechanical properties Can be electroformed DISADVANTAGES: Brittle material, can get abraded easily USES: Making dies used for fabricating gold restorations, porcelain fused to metal

TYPE V DIE STONE


PROPERTIES setting expansion (0.1% - 0.3%) Large Strength (80 100 Mpa) Large Surface Hardness (100 RHN)

USES Making hard enlarged dies to compensate for larger casting shrinkage in casting base metal alloys

DIE STONE & DIE HARDENER


Liquids that can be painted on the surface of dies that

interact with the die stone It promotes : the formation of more product : helps to fill in the spaces between the initial die stone crystals with more reaction product crystals New crystals contribute only to a denser surface ADVANTAGES

CYNOACRYLIC
( Super glue/ Krazy glue)
Cyanoacrylate (amethyl cyanoacrylate) polymerization is initiated by the presence of moisture in the air.

Moisture also can depolymerize the polymer


Strength for a limited period of time. Contamination

Cu / Ag- PLATING (electroplating)

EPOXY RESIN DIES


Generically, epoxies are linear or cross-linked polymers formed by alternating sections of acid/amine structures.
A hardener is mixed (e.g.,Epoxy-Die or Epoxy-Dent). Hard epoxy die material can be obtained Shrinkage still takes place.

ADVANCES: Recently, fast setting material supplied as paste & liquid in cartridges (used in automixer devices) Can be injected through a delivery tip into the impression ADVANTAGES: resistance to chemical attack Very tough & hard Good structural adhesion Better detail reproduction DISADVANTAGES: Toxic (carcinogenic) material Used to prepare dies from rubber base impression only

URETHANES
Urethanes are produced by reactions of -CNO functional components with any active hydrogen (acids, alcohols, amines, or water) to produce monomers connected together by urethane linkages.
High toughness There is still some shrinkage during polymerization

Cu-plated Epoxy

Epoxy Dies can also be electroplated

INVESTMENT DIES
Gypsum-bonded investment (GBI)

GBI is two-thirds silica filler particles.

ADVANTAGES: Less possibility of wax distortion Surface much harder & smoother than with gypsum. DISADVANTAGES: Intermediate in wear and fracture resistance

SELF CURING ACRYLIC RESIN


Self cure-polymer powder + monomer liquid

ADVANTAGES: Less brittle, easy to prepare dies DISADVANTAGES: compressive strength abrasive resistance Large polymerization shrinkage

And have a nice day =)

EXAMPLES of TYPE IV
MARMOPLAST N edge stability & expansion Not brittle, does not splinter easily as other super hard stones Super smooth surface, fluidity

Resin stabilized material

JAPAN STONE

Hard stone, setting expansion High accuracy of fit Special fluidity Smooth & resistant surface

NEO STONE Made mineral raw & synthetic Ideally suited for stumps & sore cast Guarantees constant processing & setting properties

CAM STONE N
For opto-electronic scanning Prevents interfering reflexions in the definite wavelength Coating of gypsum model not nessesory short setting time, fast chair side treatment

MARMOROCK SPEED Short setting, super hard stone Carry out urgent repairs & work where compressive strength, low expansion are desired MAMRMOROCK 20/22/24 Fine flowing, exceptionally hard Outstanding edge stability & compressive strength Good resistance to scratching & breaking Minimum expansion

NATURAL MATERIAL

EXCALIBER
Suitable for precision work degree hardness & good trim ability Outstanding scratch & pressure resistance

EXAMPLES of TYPE V
MARMOROCK E Fine flowing super hard stone Extraordinary hardness purity natural stone expansion compensate for the contraction of other materials scratch & fracture resistant suitable for first class prosthesis

MARMO DIE Compressive strength Good scratch resistant Compensate contraction other material

DIE KEEN
Very hard but not brittle Suitable for demanding prosthetic work (crown, bridges) accuracy of fit Suitable for all impression materials extra fine grain: very smooth surface

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